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怎样提升多GPU集群上的模型训练效率?

2025-09-05 1.4 K

多维并行加速训练方案

核心策略:ColossalAI提供三种互补的并行方式:

  • 数据并行:Basic ConfigurationDataParallel(model)适合小规模集群
  • 张量并行:2.5D模式(需4的倍数GPU)可实现<90%的线性加速比
  • 流水线并行:num_stages参数应设为GPU数量/N(N=单卡可容纳的模型层数)

Advanced Tips:

  • utilizationcolossalai.launch_from_torch简化分布式启动
  • configuregradient_accumulation平衡通信开销
  • start usingcontinuous_batching处理不等长输入

Best Practices:千亿参数模型推荐组合使用2D张量并行+4阶段流水线并行。

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