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如何避免混合精度训练中的数值不稳定性?

2025-09-05 1.4 K

混合精度训练的稳定化方案

风险场景:FP16训练可能导致梯度消失/爆炸,ColossalAI通过以下机制保障稳定性:

  • Loss Scaling:自动在convert_to_amp中启用,动态放大损失值16-1024倍
  • Master Weight:维护FP32精度的参数副本用于权重更新
  • 梯度裁剪:pass (a bill or inspection etc)clip_grad_norm阈值控制梯度范围

诊断工具:

  • colossalai.utils.profiler监测数值溢出
  • Tensorboard可可视化各层梯度分布

调优建议:初始建议使用默认配置,当出现loss NaN时逐步调高loss scale factor。

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