{"id":20766,"date":"2025-02-11T11:07:54","date_gmt":"2025-02-11T03:07:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.aisharenet.com\/?p=20766"},"modified":"2025-02-11T11:07:54","modified_gmt":"2025-02-11T03:07:54","slug":"thinkcite","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.kdjingpai.com\/ja\/thinkcite\/","title":{"rendered":"Think&#038;Cite\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528\u6811\u641c\u7d22\u6280\u672f\u63d0\u5347\u6587\u672c\u5f15\u7528\u51c6\u786e\u6027"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>\u6458\u8981<\/h2>\n<p>\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5927\u578b\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b\uff08LLMs\uff09\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u8272\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u5bb9\u6613\u4ea7\u751f\u5e7b\u89c9\u5e76\u751f\u6210\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0d\u51c6\u786e\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u6311\u6218\u4fc3\u4f7f\u4eba\u4eec\u52aa\u529b\u8fdb\u884c\u5c5e\u6027\u6587\u672c\u751f\u6210\uff0c\u4fc3\u4f7fLLMs\u751f\u6210\u5305\u542b\u652f\u6301\u8bc1\u636e\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u5728\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u540d\u4e3aThink&amp;Cite\u7684\u65b0\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5c5e\u6027\u6587\u672c\u751f\u6210\u8868\u8ff0\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u96c6\u6210\u4e86\u641c\u7d22\u7684\u591a\u6b65\u9aa4\u63a8\u7406\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u81ea\u6211\u5f15\u5bfc\u7684\u8499\u7279\u5361\u6d1b\u6811\u641c\u7d22\uff08SG-MCTS\uff09\uff0c\u5b83\u5229\u7528LLMs\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u53cd\u601d\u80fd\u529b\u6765\u53cd\u601dMCTS\u7684\u4e2d\u95f4\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u6307\u5bfc\u6811\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u63d0\u4f9b\u53ef\u9760\u548c\u5168\u9762\u7684\u53cd\u9988\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u8fdb\u5c55\u5956\u52b1\u6a21\u578b\uff08PRM\uff09\uff0c\u4ece\u751f\u6210\u548c\u5c5e\u6027\u4e24\u4e2a\u89d2\u5ea6\u8861\u91cf\u4ece\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u5230\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u6811\u641c\u7d22\u8fdb\u5c55\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u4e09\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u8868\u660e\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u663e\u8457\u4f18\u4e8e\u57fa\u7ebf\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>1 \u5f15\u8a00<\/h2>\n<p>\u5927\u578b\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b\uff08LLMs\uff09\uff08Zhao et al., 2023\uff09\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u5904\u7406\u4efb\u52a1\u4e2d\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u8272\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8fdb\u5c55\uff0cLLMs\u7ecf\u5e38\u751f\u6210\u5305\u542b\u5e7b\u89c9\u548c\u4e0d\u51c6\u786e\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\uff08Ji et al., 2023; Huang et al., 2023; Zhang et al., 2023\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u635f\u5bb3\u4e86\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u53ef\u9760\u6027\uff0c\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u635f\u5bb3\u4e86\u7528\u6237\u5bf9LLMs\u7684\u4fe1\u4efb\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u63d0\u9ad8LLMs\u7684\u53ef\u9760\u6027\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u65b0\u7684\u751f\u6210\u8303\u5f0f\uff0c\u5373\u5c5e\u6027\u6587\u672c\u751f\u6210\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97LLMs\u751f\u6210\u5305\u542b\u6587\u4e2d\u5f15\u7528\u4ee5\u63d0\u4f9b\u8bc1\u636e\u7684\u54cd\u5e94\uff08Gao et al., 2023b\uff09\uff0c\u5982\u56fe1\u6240\u793a\u3002<\/p>\n<div style=\"width: 664px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" title=\"-1\" src=\"https:\/\/www.kdjingpai.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/df9d93238239209.jpg\" alt=\"-1\" width=\"654\" height=\"363\" \/><p class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u56fe1\uff1a\u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6a21\u578b\u901a\u8fc7\u5f15\u7528\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u4e2d\u7684\u6bb5\u843d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u652f\u6301\u8bc1\u636e\u6765\u751f\u6210\u6587\u672c\u3002<\/p><\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u5927\u591a\u6570\u73b0\u6709\u5de5\u4f5c\uff08Slobodkin et al., 2024; Sun et al., 2024; Fierro et al., 2024\uff09\u53ea\u662f\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u63d0\u793aLLMs\u5728\u751f\u6210\u6587\u672c\u65f6\u63d0\u4f9b\u5f15\u7528\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u5de5\u4f5c\uff08Li et al., 2024; Huang et al., 2024\uff09\u5c1d\u8bd5\u5728\u5305\u542b\u5e26\u6ce8\u91ca\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u6587\u672c\u7684\u5927\u91cf\u76d1\u7763\u8bad\u7ec3\u6570\u636e\u4e0a\u5fae\u8c03LLMs\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6700\u65b0\u7684\u52aa\u529b\uff0c\u4f46\u5f00\u53d1\u80fd\u591f\u5b66\u4e60\u751f\u6210\u5fe0\u5b9e\u5185\u5bb9\u5e76\u5177\u6709\u53ef\u9760\u5f15\u7528\u7684LLMs\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f00\u653e\u7684\u6311\u6218\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u73b0\u6709\u65b9\u6cd5\u91c7\u7528\u81ea\u56de\u5f52\u751f\u6210\u8303\u5f0f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e3a\u201c\u7cfb\u7edf1\u201d\uff0c\u4e00\u79cd\u5feb\u901f\u4e14\u672c\u80fd\u7684\u601d\u7ef4\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u591f\u51c6\u786e\uff08Kahneman, 2011\uff09\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u4e2d\u95f4\u751f\u6210\u9519\u8bef\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u865a\u5047\u9648\u8ff0\u6216\u9519\u8bef\u5f15\u7528\uff09\u90fd\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u6700\u7ec8\u54cd\u5e94\u4e0d\u6b63\u786e\u3002\u53d7\u590d\u6742\u63a8\u7406\u7814\u7a76\uff08Zhang et al., 2024; Wang et al., 2024\uff09\u7684\u542f\u53d1\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u65e8\u5728\u5f00\u53d1\u201c\u7cfb\u7edf2\u201d\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u5f15\u7528\u5916\u90e8\u8bc1\u636e\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u6df1\u5165\u3001\u5ba1\u614e\u548c\u903b\u8f91\u6027\u7684\u601d\u8003\uff08Kahneman, 2011\uff09\u3002\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u5c5e\u6027\u6587\u672c\u751f\u6210\u901a\u5e38\u6d89\u53ca\u957f\u6587\u672c\u751f\u6210\u3002Liu et al.\uff082023\uff09\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u73b0\u6709LLMs\u7684\u957f\u7bc7\u54cd\u5e94\u901a\u5e38\u5305\u542b\u65e0\u652f\u6301\u7684\u9648\u8ff0\u548c\u4e0d\u51c6\u786e\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4ee5\u5f80\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\u7f3a\u4e4f\u660e\u786e\u7684\u751f\u6210\u89c4\u5212\u963b\u788d\u4e86\u6b64\u7c7b\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8fdb\u5c55\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86Think&amp;Cite\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c06\u641c\u7d22\u7b97\u6cd5\u96c6\u6210\u5230\u5c5e\u6027\u6587\u672c\u751f\u6210\u4e2d\u7684\u65b0\u6846\u67b6\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u751f\u6210\u4efb\u52a1\u6982\u5ff5\u5316\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u591a\u6b65\u9aa4\u63a8\u7406\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6a21\u578b\u5728\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b65\u901a\u8fc7\u8fed\u4ee3\u7684\u601d\u8003-\u8868\u8fbe-\u5f15\u7528\u8303\u5f0f\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u53e5\u5b50\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u589e\u5f3a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u751f\u6210\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u81ea\u6211\u5f15\u5bfc\u7684\u8499\u7279\u5361\u6d1b\u6811\u641c\u7d22\uff08SG-MCTS\uff09\uff0c\u5b83\u6269\u5c55\u4e86\u7ecf\u5178\u7684MCTS\uff0c\u5e76\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u4e24\u9879\u521b\u65b0\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5229\u7528LLMs\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u53cd\u601d\u80fd\u529b\u5b9e\u65f6\u53cd\u601dMCTS\u7684\u4e2d\u95f4\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u6307\u5bfc\u6811\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5e76\u4e3b\u52a8\u907f\u514d\u4e0d\u5145\u5206\u7684\u63a8\u7406\u8def\u5f84\u3002\u8fd9\u4e0e\u4e4b\u524d\u4e3b\u8981\u53cd\u601d\u6700\u7ec8\u7ed3\u679c\u6216\u5b8c\u6574\u8f68\u8ff9\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u8fdb\u5c55\u5956\u52b1\u6a21\u578b\uff08PRM\uff09\uff0c\u4ece\u751f\u6210\u548c\u5c5e\u6027\u4e24\u4e2a\u89d2\u5ea6\u8861\u91cf\u4ece\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u5230\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u6811\u641c\u7d22\u8fdb\u5c55\u3002\u4e0e\u4ec5\u8bc4\u4f30\u5355\u4e2a\u6b65\u9aa4\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e\u8fdb\u5c55\u7684\u5956\u52b1\u6a21\u578b\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u4f9b\u53ef\u9760\u548c\u5168\u9762\u7684\u8bc4\u4f30\uff0c\u4ee5\u6307\u5bfcMCTS\u641c\u7d22\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u636e\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u77e5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c06\u6811\u641c\u7d22\u7b97\u6cd5\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u5c5e\u6027\u6587\u672c\u751f\u6210\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u4e09\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff0c\u4ee5\u9a8c\u8bc1\u6211\u4eec\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6027\u3002\u7ed3\u679c\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u663e\u8457\u4f18\u4e8e\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u63d0\u793a\u548c\u5fae\u8c03\u57fa\u7ebf\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>2 \u76f8\u5173\u5de5\u4f5c<\/h2>\n<p>\u5e26\u5f52\u5c5e\u7684\u6587\u672c\u751f\u6210\u3002 \u7531\u4e8e\u5927\u578b\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b (LLM) \u5177\u6709\u51fa\u8272\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u751f\u6210\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5df2\u88ab\u7528\u4e8e\u5e26\u5f52\u5c5e\u7684\u6587\u672c\u751f\u6210 (Gao et al., 2023b; Huang et al., 2024; Sun et al., 2024; Li et al., 2024; Slobodkin et al., 2024)\u3002LLM \u7528\u4e8e\u5e26\u5f52\u5c5e\u6587\u672c\u751f\u6210\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5927\u81f4\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u7c7b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u6d89\u53ca\u4f7f\u7528\u504f\u597d\u5b66\u4e60 (Li et al., 2024) \u548c\u5f3a\u5316\u5b66\u4e60 (Huang et al., 2024) \u5bf9 LLM \u8fdb\u884c\u5fae\u8c03\uff0c\u8fd9\u6559\u4f1a LLM \u751f\u6210\u652f\u6301\u6027\u548c\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u5f15\u6587\u4ee5\u83b7\u5f97\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u5956\u52b1\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u4eba\u5de5\u6765\u6574\u7406\u5e26\u6709\u6ce8\u91ca\u6587\u672c\u5185\u5f15\u6587\u7684\u9ad8\u8d28\u91cf\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u7c7b\u5de5\u4f5c\u76f4\u63a5\u6307\u793a LLM \u901a\u8fc7\u5f52\u56e0-\u7136\u540e-\u751f\u6210\u89c4\u5212 (Slobodkin et al., 2024) \u6216\u4f7f\u7528\u5916\u90e8\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5668\u6765\u6307\u5bfc\u751f\u6210 (Sun et al., 2024) \u6765\u751f\u6210\u5e26\u5f52\u5c5e\u7684\u6587\u672c\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u4ee5\u81ea\u56de\u5f52\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u751f\u6210\u6587\u672c\u548c\u5f15\u6587\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4efb\u4f55\u4e0d\u51c6\u786e\u7684\u4e2d\u95f4\u751f\u6210\u90fd\u5bb9\u6613\u5bfc\u81f4\u540e\u7eed\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u5931\u8d25\u3002\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u5e26\u6709\u6e10\u8fdb\u5956\u52b1\u7684\u81ea\u5f15\u5bfc\u6811\u641c\u7d22\u6765\u8003\u8651\u591a\u6761\u8def\u5f84\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5e26\u6811\u641c\u7d22\u7684 LLM\u3002 \u5c06\u6811\u641c\u7d22\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e0e LLM \u96c6\u6210\u5f15\u8d77\u4e86\u6781\u5927\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\u3002\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8c03\u67e5\u4e86\u4f7f\u7528\u6811\u641c\u7d22\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u589e\u5f3a LLM \u5728\u63a8\u7406\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u6027\u80fd (Zhang et al., 2024; Wang et al., 2024; Ye and Ng, 2024)\u3002Sutton (2019) \u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u5b66\u4e60\u548c\u641c\u7d22\u4e2d\u6269\u5c55\u7684\u4f18\u8d8a\u6027\uff0c\u4f18\u4e8e\u5176\u4ed6\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u7ecf\u9a8c\u8bc1\u636e\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u6269\u5c55\u63a8\u7406\u65f6\u95f4\u8ba1\u7b97\u53ef\u4ee5\u663e\u8457\u63d0\u9ad8 LLM \u6027\u80fd\uff0c\u800c\u65e0\u9700\u989d\u5916\u7684\u8bad\u7ec3 (Brown et al., 2024; Snell et al., 2024)\u3002A \u641c\u7d22 (Hart et al., 1968) \u548c\u8499\u7279\u5361\u6d1b\u6811\u641c\u7d22 (MCTS) (Browne et al., 2012) \u88ab\u7528\u4f5c\u89c4\u5212\u6280\u672f\u6765\u63d0\u9ad8 LLM \u5728\u89e3\u51b3\u590d\u6742\u63a8\u7406\u95ee\u9898\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u641c\u7d22\u7b97\u6cd5\u5df2\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u5f3a\u5316\u5b66\u4e60 (Silver et al., 2017) \u548c\u8bb8\u591a\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 AlphaGo (Silver et al., 2016)\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e94\u7528\u6811\u641c\u7d22\u7b97\u6cd5\uff08\u5373\u8499\u7279\u5361\u6d1b\u6811\u641c\u7d22\uff09\u6765\u89e3\u51b3\u5e26\u5f52\u5c5e\u6587\u672c\u751f\u6210\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u81ea\u5f15\u5bfc MCTS\uff0c\u5b83\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e LLM \u7684\u53cd\u601d\u80fd\u529b\u6765\u6539\u8fdb\u6811\u6269\u5c55\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>3 \u95ee\u9898\u8868\u8ff0<\/h2>\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u6846\u67b6\u65e8\u5728\u8ba9\u9884\u8bad\u7ec3\u7684 LLM M<del>\u03b8<\/del>\u00a0\u751f\u6210\u5e26\u6709\u6587\u672c\u5185\u5f15\u6587\u7684\u56de\u590d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5f15\u6587\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8f93\u51fa\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\uff0c\u79f0\u4e3a\u5e26\u5f52\u5c5e\u7684\u6587\u672c\u751f\u6210 (Slobodkin et al., 2024; Gao et al., 2023a)\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e0a\uff0c\u7ed9\u5b9a\u8f93\u5165\u95ee\u9898 x \u548c\u6587\u672c\u6bb5\u843d\u8bed\u6599\u5e93 D\uff0c\u6a21\u578b M<del>\u03b8<\/del>\u00a0\u9700\u8981\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u56de\u590d y = (y\u00a0<del>1<\/del>\u00a0, &#8230;, y\u00a0<del>T<\/del>\u00a0)\uff0c\u8be5\u56de\u590d\u7531 T \u4e2a\u53e5\u5b50\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6bcf\u4e2a\u53e5\u5b50 y<del>t<\/del>\u00a0\u5f15\u7528\u6765\u81ea D \u7684\u6bb5\u843d\u5217\u8868\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u4e3a C<del>t<\/del>\u00a0= {C\u00a0<del>t,1<\/del>\u00a0, &#8230;, C\u00a0<del>t,m<\/del>\u00a0}\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5408\u5e76\u66f4\u591a\u5f15\u6587\u7684\u8fb9\u9645\u6548\u76ca (Gao et al., 2023b)\uff0c\u5728\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5141\u8bb8\u6bcf\u4e2a\u53e5\u5b50\u6700\u591a\u4e09\u4e2a\u5f15\u6587 (m \u2264 3)\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5f15\u6587\u7528\u65b9\u62ec\u53f7\u62ec\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 [1][2]\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u4e3b\u8981\u5173\u6ce8\u77e5\u8bc6\u5bc6\u96c6\u578b\u573a\u666f\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u95ee\u9898\u6d89\u53ca\u4e16\u754c\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14 LLM \u4e2d\u7684\u5927\u591a\u6570\u53e5\u5b50\u90fd\u5305\u542b\u591a\u4e2a\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u9700\u8981\u652f\u6301\u5f15\u6587\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8bc1\u636e\u3002\u9075\u5faa\u5148\u524d\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c (Gao et al., 2023b; Piktus et al., 2021)\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u8bed\u6599\u5e93 D \u5212\u5206\u4e3a 100 \u5b57\u7684\u6bb5\u843d\u8fdb\u884c\u68c0\u7d22\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u4eba\u7c7b\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u9a8c\u8bc1\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5f15\u5165\u592a\u591a\u4e0d\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u901a\u8fc7\u8fed\u4ee3\u7684\u201c\u601d\u8003-\u8868\u8fbe-\u5f15\u7528\u201d\u8303\u5f0f\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u589e\u5f3a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u751f\u6210\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86 \u81ea\u5f15\u5bfc\u8499\u7279\u5361\u6d1b\u6811\u641c\u7d22 (SG-MCTS) \uff0c\u5b83\u901a\u8fc7\u4e24\u4e2a\u521b\u65b0\u6269\u5c55\u4e86\u7ecf\u5178\u7684 MCTS\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5229\u7528 LLM \u7684\u81ea\u6211\u53cd\u601d\u80fd\u529b\u6765\u5b9e\u65f6\u53cd\u601d MCTS \u7684\u4e2d\u95f4\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u6307\u5bfc\u6811\u6269\u5c55\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5e76\u4e3b\u52a8\u907f\u514d\u4e0d\u5145\u5206\u7684\u63a8\u7406\u8def\u5f84\u3002\u8fd9\u4e0e\u5148\u524d\u4e3b\u8981\u53cd\u601d\u6700\u7ec8\u7ed3\u679c\u6216\u5b8c\u6574\u8f68\u8ff9\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u8fdb\u5c55\u5956\u52b1\u6a21\u578b (PRM) \u6765\u8861\u91cf\u6811\u641c\u7d22\u4ece\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u5230\u5f53\u524d\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u8fdb\u5c55\uff0c\u4ece\u4e24\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5373\u751f\u6210\u8fdb\u5c55\u548c\u5f52\u5c5e\u8fdb\u5c55\u3002\u4e0e\u4ec5\u8bc4\u4f30\u5355\u4e2a\u6b65\u9aa4\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e\u8fdb\u5c55\u7684\u5956\u52b1\u6a21\u578b\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u4f9b\u53ef\u9760\u548c\u5168\u9762\u7684\u8bc4\u4f30\u6765\u6307\u5bfc MCTS \u641c\u7d22\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u636e\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u77e5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c06\u6811\u641c\u7d22\u7b97\u6cd5\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u5e26\u5f52\u5c5e\u7684\u6587\u672c\u751f\u6210\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u4e09\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff0c\u4ee5\u9a8c\u8bc1\u6211\u4eec\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6027\u3002\u7ed3\u679c\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u663e\u8457\u4f18\u4e8e\u4ee5\u524d\u7684\u57fa\u4e8e\u63d0\u793a\u548c\u5fae\u8c03\u7684\u57fa\u7ebf\u3002<\/p>\n<div style=\"width: 1372px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" title=\"-2\" src=\"https:\/\/www.kdjingpai.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/490a5f7a037d193.jpg\" alt=\"-2\" width=\"1362\" height=\"492\" \/><p class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u56fe2\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u63d0\u51fa\u7684Think&amp;Cite\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u6846\u67b6\u3002<\/p><\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>4 \u65b9\u6cd5<\/h2>\n<p>\u63d0\u51fa\u7684THINK&amp;CITE\u6846\u67b6\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u4e8e\u5c5e\u6027\u6587\u672c\u751f\u6210\u7684\u8bed language agent \u4e0a\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u81ea\u6211\u5f15\u5bfc\u7684\u8499\u7279\u5361\u6d1b\u6811\u641c\u7d22\uff08SG-MCTS\uff09\u6765\u89c4\u5212\u548c\u641c\u7d22\u591a\u4e2a\u751f\u6210\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528\u8fdb\u5c55\u5956\u52b1\u6a21\u578b\uff08PRM\uff09\u6765\u63d0\u4f9b\u5bf9\u641c\u7d22\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u6e10\u8fdb\u7ec6\u7c92\u5ea6\u4fe1\u53f7\u3002\u56fe2\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u67b6\u6784\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>4.1 \u5c5e\u6027\u6587\u672c\u751f\u6210\u4ee3\u7406<\/h3>\n<p>\u53d7\u5148\u524d\u5de5\u4f5c (Yao et al., 2022; Chen et al., 2023) \u7684\u542f\u53d1\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5f00\u53d1\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bed\u8a00\u4ee3\u7406\u6765\u89e3\u51b3\u5e26\u5f52\u5c5e\u7684\u6587\u672c\u751f\u6210\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u8be5\u4ee3\u7406\u6267\u884c\u8fed\u4ee3\u7684 think-verbalize-cite \u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5229\u7528 LLM \u7684\u63a8\u7406\u548c\u89c4\u5212\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fed\u4ee3\u7684 Think-Verbalize-Cite\u3002 \u4e3a\u4e86\u751f\u6210\u7b2c t \u4e2a\u53e5\u5b50\uff0c\u4ee3\u7406\u9996\u5148\u4e3b\u52a8 \u601d\u8003 \u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u751f\u6210\u7684\u84dd\u56fe\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5185\u5bb9\u4e3b\u9898\u6216\u6458\u8981\uff09\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u641c\u7d22\u67e5\u8be2 q\u00a0<del>t<\/del>\u00a0\u3002\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u4ee3\u7406\u4f7f\u7528\u641c\u7d22\u5de5\u5177\u901a\u8fc7 Search \u64cd\u4f5c\uff08\u5373\u201cSearch: {query}\u201d\uff09\u4ece\u7ed9\u5b9a\u8bed\u6599\u5e93 D \u4e2d\u68c0\u7d22\u6700\u76f8\u5173\u7684 top-K \u6bb5\u843d D\u00a0<del>t<\/del>\u00a0\u3002\u6839\u636e\u68c0\u7d22\u5230\u7684\u6bb5\u843d\uff0c\u4ee3\u7406\u901a\u8fc7 Generate \u64cd\u4f5c\uff08\u5373\u201cGenerate: {sentence}\u201d\uff09\u5f15\u7528\u6765\u81ea D<del>t<\/del>\u00a0\u7684\u6bb5\u843d\u5217\u8868 C<del>t<\/del>\u00a0\u6765 \u8868\u8fbe \u4e00\u4e2a\u53e5\u5b50 y\u00a0<del>t<\/del>\u00a0\u3002\u5386\u53f2\u67e5\u8be2\u3001\u68c0\u7d22\u5230\u7684\u6bb5\u843d\u3001\u751f\u6210\u7684\u53e5\u5b50\u548c\u5f15\u6587\uff08\u8868\u793a\u4e3a H = {(q\u00a0<del>i<\/del>\u00a0, D\u00a0<del>i<\/del>\u00a0, y\u00a0<del>i<\/del>\u00a0, C\u00a0<del>i<\/del>\u00a0)}^t^\u00a0<del>i=1<\/del>\u00a0\uff09\u5c06\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b65\u601d\u8003\u548c\u8868\u8fbe\u7684\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4ee3\u7406\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4efb\u52a1\u5df2\u89e3\u51b3\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f93\u51fa\u201cEnd\u201d\u6765\u7ec8\u6b62\u6b64\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4ee3\u7406\u53ef\u4ee5\u6df1\u601d\u719f\u8651\u5730\u8ba1\u5212\u548c\u68c0\u7d22\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u4ee5\u52a8\u6001\u5730\u8003\u8651\u5185\u5bb9\u7126\u70b9\u7684\u8f6c\u53d8\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u751f\u6210\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0e\u5148\u524d\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u9759\u6001\u53c2\u8003\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c (Slobodkin et al., 2024; Huang et al., 2024; Li et al., 2024; Fierro et al., 2024) \u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u8303\u5f0f\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u6700\u8fd1\u5173\u4e8e\u8fed\u4ee3\u68c0\u7d22\u589e\u5f3a\u751f\u6210\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c (Jiang et al., 2023; Shao et al., 2023)\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u540c\u4e4b\u5904\u5728\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u8981\u6c42\u6a21\u578b\u4e3a\u4e0b\u4e00\u4ee3\u9884\u6d4b\u5185\u5bb9\u84dd\u56fe\uff0c\u4ee5\u68c0\u7d22\u76f8\u5173\u4fe1\u606f\u5e76\u4ed4\u7ec6\u9009\u62e9\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u53c2\u8003\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5728\u751f\u6210\u7684\u6587\u672c\u4e2d\u7684\u9002\u5f53\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5408\u5e76\u5b83\u4eec\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>4.2 \u81ea\u6211\u5f15\u5bfc\u7684\u8499\u7279\u5361\u6d1b\u6811\u641c\u7d22<\/h3>\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5e26\u5f52\u5c5e\u7684\u6587\u672c\u751f\u6210\u8868\u8ff0\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u591a\u6b65\u63a8\u7406\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6a21\u578b\u5bf9\u6587\u672c\u7684\u5f52\u5c5e\u8fdb\u884c\u6df1\u601d\u719f\u8651\u3002\u8499\u7279\u5361\u6d1b\u6811\u641c\u7d22\u5df2\u6210\u4e3a\u8bb8\u591a\u51b3\u7b56\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u6709\u6548\u641c\u7d22\u7b97\u6cd5 (Silver et al., 2016; Ye et al., 2021)\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u9879\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u81ea\u5f15\u5bfc\u8499\u7279\u5361\u6d1b\u6811\u641c\u7d22 (SG-MCTS)\uff0c\u5b83\u5229\u7528 LLM \u7684\u81ea\u6211\u53cd\u601d\u80fd\u529b\u6765\u6307\u5bfc MCTS \u7684\u641c\u7d22\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u5148\u524d\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c (Shinn et al., 2023; Zhou et al., 2024; Yu et al., 2024) \u901a\u5e38\u53cd\u601d\u6700\u7ec8\u7ed3\u679c\u6216\u5b8c\u6574\u8f68\u8ff9\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4f4e\u6548\u548c\u7a00\u758f\u7684\u3002\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u65e8\u5728\u6279\u8bc4\u548c\u53cd\u601d MCTS \u7684\u4e2d\u95f4\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u4ee5\u5b9e\u65f6\u6307\u5bfc\u6811\u6269\u5c55\u5e76\u4e3b\u52a8\u5ffd\u7565\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u751f\u6210\u8def\u5f84\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u901a\u5e38\uff0cMCTS \u57fa\u4e8e\u7b56\u7565\u6a21\u578b \u03c0<del>\u03b8<\/del>\u00a0\u6784\u5efa\u641c\u7d22\u6811 T\uff0c\u8fd9\u901a\u5e38\u662f LLM M\u00a0<del>\u03b8<\/del>\u00a0\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u68f5\u6811\u4e2d\uff0c\u8282\u70b9 s<del>t<\/del>\u00a0= [q\u00a0<del>t<\/del>\u00a0, D\u00a0<del>t<\/del>\u00a0, y\u00a0<del>t<\/del>\u00a0, C\u00a0<del>t<\/del>\u00a0] \u8868\u793a\u7b2c t \u4e2a\u6811\u7ea7\u522b\u7684\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u641c\u7d22\u67e5\u8be2 q\u00a0<del>t<\/del>\u00a0\u3001\u68c0\u7d22\u5230\u7684\u6bb5\u843d D\u00a0<del>t<\/del>\u00a0\u3001\u8868\u8fbe\u7684\u53e5\u5b50 y<del>t<\/del>\u00a0\u548c\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u6bb5\u843d C\u00a0<del>t<\/del>\u00a0\u3002\u6839\u8282\u70b9 s<del>0<\/del>\u00a0= [x] \u8868\u793a\u8f93\u5165\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5728\u6bcf\u6b21\u8fed\u4ee3\u4e2d\uff0cSG-MCTS \u9075\u5faa\u56db\u4e2a\u6b65\u9aa4\uff0c\u5373\u9009\u62e9\u3001\u53cd\u601d\u5f15\u5bfc\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u3001\u8bc4\u4f30\u548c\u53cd\u5411\u4f20\u64ad\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9009\u62e9\u9636\u6bb5. \u9009\u62e9\u9636\u6bb5\u65e8\u5728\u4ece\u641c\u7d22\u6811 T \u4e2d\u8bc6\u522b\u4e00\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9 s<del>t<\/del>\u00a0\u4ee5\u8fdb\u884c\u540e\u7eed\u6269\u5c55\u3002\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u6811\u7684\u4e0a\u9650\u7f6e\u4fe1\u754c (UCT) \u7b97\u6cd5 (Kocsis and Szepesv\u00e1ri, 2006) \u88ab\u7528\u6765\u9009\u62e9\u5177\u6709\u6700\u9ad8 UCT \u5206\u6570\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u8282\u70b9\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>UCT(s\u00a0<del>t<\/del>\u00a0) = V(s\u00a0<del>t<\/del>\u00a0) + w \u221a(ln N(p) \/ N(s\u00a0<del>t<\/del>\u00a0)) (1)<\/p>\n<p>\u5176\u4e2d\uff0cV(s\u00a0<del>t<\/del>\u00a0) \u662f\u5728\u8bc4\u4f30\u9636\u6bb5\u4f30\u8ba1\u7684 s<del>t<\/del>\u00a0\u7684\u503c\u51fd\u6570\uff08\u9884\u671f\u5956\u52b1\uff09\uff0cN(s\u00a0<del>t<\/del>\u00a0) \u662f s<del>t<\/del>\u00a0\u7684\u8bbf\u95ee\u8ba1\u6570\uff0cw \u662f\u63a7\u5236\u63a2\u7d22\u7684\u6743\u91cd\uff0cp \u662f s<del>t<\/del>\u00a0\u7684\u7236\u8282\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u53cd\u601d\u5f15\u5bfc\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u9636\u6bb5. \u5728\u6269\u5c55\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u751f\u6210\u591a\u4e2a\u540e\u7ee7\u8282\u70b9 s\u00a0<del>t+1<\/del>\u00a0\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7 think-verbalize-cite \u8fc7\u7a0b\u6765\u6269\u5c55\u9009\u5b9a\u7684\u8282\u70b9 s\u00a0<del>t<\/del>\u00a0\u3002Think \u6b65\u9aa4\u9996\u5148\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u84dd\u56fe\u4f5c\u4e3a\u641c\u7d22\u67e5\u8be2 q\u0302\u00a0<del>t+1<\/del>\u00a0\uff0c\u5b83\u63d0\u53d6\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u53e5\u5b50\u7684\u4e3b\u9898\u548c\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c06\u7528\u4e8e\u68c0\u7d22\u6bb5\u843d D\u0302\u00a0<del>t+1<\/del>\u00a0\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7b56\u7565\u6a21\u578b\u5728\u6269\u5c55\u9636\u6bb5\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u51fa\u9519\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u751f\u6210\u975e\u7279\u5b9a\u6216\u4e0d\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u963b\u788d\u540e\u7eed\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u68c0\u7d22\uff0c\u5e76\u6700\u7ec8\u5bfc\u81f4\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u53e5\u5b50\u751f\u6210\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5f15\u5165\u4e86 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.kdjingpai.com\/de\/reflection-2\/\">Reflection<\/a> \u6b65\u9aa4\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u7b56\u7565\u6a21\u578b\u6839\u636e\u95ee\u9898 x \u548c\u68c0\u7d22\u5230\u7684\u6bb5\u843d D\u0302<del>t+1<\/del>\u00a0\u53cd\u601d\u67e5\u8be2 q\u0302<del>t+1<\/del>\u00a0\u4ee5\u8bc6\u522b\u9519\u8bef\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>u = M\u00a0<del>\u03b8<\/del>\u00a0(q\u0302\u00a0<del>t+1<\/del>\u00a0, D\u0302\u00a0<del>t+1<\/del>\u00a0, x), (2)<\/p>\n<p>\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u53cd\u601d\u6587\u672c u \u5305\u542b\u5173\u4e8e\u67d0\u4e9b\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u68c0\u7d22\u5efa\u8bae\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u67e5\u8be2\u5e94\u8be5\u66f4\u4e13\u6ce8\u4e8e\u641c\u7d22\u4e3b\u9898\u3002\u6839\u636e\u53cd\u601d\uff0c\u7b56\u7565\u6a21\u578b\u91cd\u65b0\u5236\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u67e5\u8be2 q<del>t+1<\/del>\u00a0\u4ee5\u68c0\u7d22\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u6bb5\u843d D\u00a0<del>t+1<\/del>\u00a0\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>q\u00a0<del>t+1<\/del>\u00a0, D<del>t+1<\/del>\u00a0= M\u00a0<del>\u03b8<\/del>\u00a0(u, q\u0302\u00a0<del>t+1<\/del>\u00a0, D\u0302\u00a0<del>t+1<\/del>\u00a0, H), (3)<\/p>\n<p>\u5176\u4e2d H \u662f\u5386\u53f2\u8f68\u8ff9\u3002\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u4e0a\u8ff0\u8fc7\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fed\u4ee3\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u6a21\u578b\u786e\u5b9a\u68c0\u7d22\u5230\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u662f\u652f\u6301\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u5927\u8fed\u4ee3\u6b21\u6570\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0cVerbalize \u548c Cite \u6b65\u9aa4\u4ece D<del>t+1<\/del>\u00a0\u751f\u6210\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u53e5\u5b50 y\u00a0<del>t+1<\/del>\u00a0\uff0c\u5e76\u5e26\u6709\u51c6\u786e\u7684\u5f15\u6587 C\u00a0<del>t+1<\/del>\u00a0\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>y\u00a0<del>t+1<\/del>\u00a0, C<del>t+1<\/del>\u00a0= M\u00a0<del>\u03b8<\/del>\u00a0(q\u00a0<del>t+1<\/del>\u00a0, D\u00a0<del>t+1<\/del>\u00a0, H). (4)<\/p>\n<p>\u65b0\u8282\u70b9\u5305\u62ec\u67e5\u8be2\u3001\u68c0\u7d22\u5230\u7684\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u3001\u751f\u6210\u7684\u53e5\u5b50\u548c\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u6bb5\u843d\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u4e3a s<del>t+1<\/del>\u00a0= [q\u00a0<del>t+1<\/del>\u00a0, D\u00a0<del>t+1<\/del>\u00a0, y\u00a0<del>t+1<\/del>\u00a0, C\u00a0<del>t+1<\/del>\u00a0]\u3002\u4e0e\u5178\u578b MCTS \u4e2d\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u6269\u5c55\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u6539\u8fdb\u6709\u7f3a\u9677\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u4f4e\u8d28\u91cf\u7684\u751f\u6210\u3002\u7531\u4e8e MCTS \u6811\u662f\u9010\u6b65\u6784\u5efa\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6539\u8fdb\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u5141\u8bb8\u6a21\u578b\u5728\u5e7f\u9614\u7684\u641c\u7d22\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u5bfc\u822a\u66f4\u6709\u5229\u7684\u8def\u5f84\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u63d0\u9ad8\u6811\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u641c\u7d22\u8d28\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8bc4\u4f30\u9636\u6bb5\u3002 \u8bc4\u4f30\u9636\u6bb5\u65e8\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u8fdb\u5c55\u5956\u52b1\u6a21\u578b\uff08\u53c2\u89c1\u7b2c 4.3 \u8282\uff09\u8ba1\u7b97\u65b0\u6269\u5c55\u8282\u70b9 s<del>t+1<\/del>\u00a0\u7684\u9884\u671f\u5956\u52b1 R(s\u00a0<del>t+1<\/del>\u00a0)\u3002\u8fdb\u5c55\u8bc4\u4f30\u6d89\u53ca\u4e24\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\uff1a\u751f\u6210\u548c\u5f52\u5c5e\u3002\u751f\u6210\u8fdb\u5c55\u5956\u52b1 R<del>g<\/del>\u00a0\u8861\u91cf\u5230\u76ee\u524d\u4e3a\u6b62\u751f\u6210\u7684\u53e5\u5b50 y\u00a0<del>1<\/del>\u00a0, &#8230;, y<del>t+1<\/del>\u00a0\u7684\u6587\u672c\u8d28\u91cf\u3002\u5f52\u5c5e\u8fdb\u5c55\u5956\u52b1 R<del>a<\/del>\u00a0\u8bc4\u4f30\u751f\u6210\u7684\u53e5\u5b50 y\u00a0<del>1<\/del>\u00a0, &#8230;, y<del>t+1<\/del>\u00a0\u548c\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u6bb5\u843d C\u00a0<del>1<\/del>\u00a0, &#8230;, C<del>t+1<\/del>\u00a0\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5f52\u5c5e\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u603b\u5956\u52b1\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e3a\u4e24\u8005\u7684\u603b\u548c\uff1aR(s\u00a0<del>t+1<\/del>\u00a0) = R\u00a0<del>g<\/del>\u00a0+ R\u00a0<del>a<\/del>\u00a0\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u53cd\u5411\u4f20\u64ad\u9636\u6bb5\u3002 \u5728\u53cd\u5411\u4f20\u64ad\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u65b0\u8282\u70b9 s<del>t+1<\/del>\u00a0\u7684\u5956\u52b1 R(s\u00a0<del>t+1<\/del>\u00a0) \u88ab\u4f20\u64ad\u56de\u5176\u7236\u8282\u70b9 s\u00a0<del>t<\/del>\u00a0\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u4ece\u6839\u8282\u70b9\u5230\u5176\u7236\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u4e0a\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9 s\u00a0<del>0<\/del>\u00a0, s\u00a0<del>1<\/del>\u00a0, &#8230;, s<del>t<\/del>\u00a0\u7684\u503c\u51fd\u6570\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>N\u00a0<del>new<\/del>\u00a0(s\u00a0<del>i<\/del>\u00a0) = N\u00a0<del>old<\/del>\u00a0(s\u00a0<del>i<\/del>\u00a0) + 1, 0 \u2264 i \u2264 t (5)<br \/>\nV\u00a0<del>new<\/del>\u00a0(s\u00a0<del>i<\/del>\u00a0) = (V\u00a0<del>old<\/del>\u00a0(s\u00a0<del>i<\/del>\u00a0)N\u00a0<del>old<\/del>\u00a0(s\u00a0<del>i<\/del>\u00a0) + R(s\u00a0<del>t+1<\/del>\u00a0)) \/ N\u00a0<del>new<\/del>\u00a0(s\u00a0<del>i<\/del>\u00a0) (6)<\/p>\n<p>\u5176\u4e2d\uff0cN\u00a0<del>old<\/del>\u00a0(s\u00a0<del>i<\/del>\u00a0) \u548c V\u00a0<del>old<\/del>\u00a0(s\u00a0<del>i<\/del>\u00a0) \u5206\u522b\u662f\u8282\u70b9 s<del>i<\/del>\u00a0\u7684\u5148\u524d\u8bbf\u95ee\u8ba1\u6570\u548c\u503c\u51fd\u6570\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>4.3 \u8fdb\u5c55\u5956\u52b1\u6a21\u578b<\/h3>\n<p>\u5148\u524d\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u5956\u52b1\u6a21\u578b (Cobbe et al., 2021; Hosseini et al., 2024) \u548c\u8fc7\u7a0b\u5956\u52b1\u6a21\u578b (Lightman et al., 2024; Dai et al., 2024) \u4e3b\u8981\u8bc4\u4f30\u6700\u7ec8\u7ed3\u679c\u6216\u4e2d\u95f4\u6b65\u9aa4\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u9879\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5efa\u8bae\u5728\u91c7\u53d6\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b65\u540e\uff0c\u6d4b\u91cf\u6811\u641c\u7d22\u4ece\u6839 s<del>0<\/del>\u00a0\u5230\u72b6\u6001 s<del>t+1<\/del>\u00a0\u7684\u8fdb\u5c55\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5e26\u5f52\u5c5e\u7684\u6587\u672c\u5305\u62ec\u6587\u672c\u5185\u5bb9\u53ca\u5176\u5f15\u6587\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u8fdb\u5c55\u5956\u52b1\uff0c\u751f\u6210\u8fdb\u5c55\u5956\u52b1\u548c\u5f52\u5c5e\u8fdb\u5c55\u5956\u52b1\uff0c\u4ee5\u5206\u522b\u8bc4\u4f30\u751f\u6210\u7684\u6587\u672c\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u548c\u5f15\u6587\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>4.3.1 \u751f\u6210\u8fdb\u5c55\u5956\u52b1<\/h4>\n<p>\u5728\u76f4\u63a5\u504f\u597d\u4f18\u5316 (DPO) (Rafailov et al., 2023) \u4e2d\uff0c\u6807\u8bb0\u7ea7\u5bf9\u6570\u6bd4\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a<\/p>\n<p>\u6700\u5927\u71b5\u5f3a\u5316\u5b66\u4e60 (RL) \u516c\u5f0f\u4e0b\u7684\u9690\u5f0f\u6807\u8bb0\u7ea7\u5956\u52b1\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5efa\u8bae\u5229\u7528\u73b0\u6709\u7684 DPO \u5bf9\u9f50\u6a21\u578b\u6765\u8861\u91cf\u751f\u6210\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u53e5\u5b50 y<del>t+1<\/del>\u00a0\u540e\u751f\u6210\u7684\u53e5\u5b50 y<del>1:t+1<\/del>\u00a0= y\u00a0<del>1<\/del>\u00a0, &#8230;, y<del>t+1<\/del>\u00a0\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u5f97\u5206 R\u00a0<del>g<\/del>\u00a0\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5177\u4f53\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u53e5\u5b50\u7ea7\u9a6c\u5c14\u53ef\u592b\u51b3\u7b56\u8fc7\u7a0b (MDP)\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u72b6\u6001 s<del>t<\/del>\u00a0= (x, y\u00a0<del>1<\/del>\u00a0, &#8230;, y\u00a0<del>t<\/del>\u00a0) \u8868\u793a\u5230\u76ee\u524d\u4e3a\u6b62\u751f\u6210\u7684\u8f93\u5165\u548c\u53e5\u5b50\uff0c\u521d\u59cb\u72b6\u6001 s<del>0<\/del>\u00a0= x \u662f\u8f93\u5165\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u52a8\u4f5c a<del>t<\/del>\u00a0= y<del>t+1<\/del>\u00a0\u8868\u793a\u8981\u751f\u6210\u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u53e5\u5b50\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0cRLHF \u4f18\u5316\u76ee\u6807\u53ef\u4ee5\u91cd\u5199\u4e3a\u53e5\u5b50\u7ea7\u7684\u6700\u5927\u71b5 RL \u95ee\u9898\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>E\u00a0<del>at<\/del>\u03c0\u03b8(\u00b7|st)~ [\u2211^T^<del>t=1<\/del>\u00a0r'(s\u00a0<del>t<\/del>\u00a0, a\u00a0<del>t<\/del>\u00a0)] + \u03b2E\u00a0<del>s0<\/del>x~ [H(\u03c0\u00a0<del>\u03b8<\/del>\u00a0(\u00b7|s\u00a0<del>0<\/del>\u00a0))],<\/p>\n<p>\u5176\u4e2d\u53e5\u5b50\u7ea7\u5956\u52b1\u51fd\u6570 r&#8217; \u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e3a\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>r'(s\u00a0<del>t<\/del>\u00a0, a\u00a0<del>t<\/del>\u00a0) = { \u03b2log \u03c0\u00a0<del>ref<\/del>\u00a0(a\u00a0<del>t<\/del>\u00a0|s\u00a0<del>t<\/del>\u00a0), \u5982\u679c s<del>t+1<\/del>\u00a0\u4e0d\u662f\u7ec8\u70b9<br \/>\n{ r'(y|x) + \u03b2log \u03c0\u00a0<del>ref<\/del>\u00a0(a\u00a0<del>t<\/del>\u00a0|s\u00a0<del>t<\/del>\u00a0) \u5982\u679c s\u00a0<del>t+1<\/del>\u00a0\u662f\u7ec8\u70b9.<\/p>\n<p>\u6700\u5927\u71b5 RL \u516c\u5f0f\u63a8\u5bfc\u51fa\u6700\u4f18\u503c\u51fd\u6570 V \u548c Q \u51fd\u6570 Q \u4e3a\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>Q(s\u00a0<del>t<\/del>\u00a0, a\u00a0<del>t<\/del>\u00a0) = r'(s\u00a0<del>t<\/del>\u00a0, a\u00a0<del>t<\/del>\u00a0) + V(s\u00a0<del>t+1<\/del>\u00a0),<br \/>\nV(s\u00a0<del>t<\/del>\u00a0) = log \u2211<del>a<\/del>\u00a0exp(Q(s\u00a0<del>t<\/del>\u00a0, a)), \u5f53 t \u2264 T.<\/p>\n<p>\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6700\u4f18\u7b56\u7565 \u03c0 \u63a8\u5bfc\u4e3a\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u21d2 \u03b2log \u03c0(a\u00a0<del>t<\/del>\u00a0|s\u00a0<del>t<\/del>\u00a0) = Q(s\u00a0<del>t<\/del>\u00a0, a\u00a0<del>t<\/del>\u00a0) &#8211; V(s\u00a0<del>t<\/del>\u00a0),<br \/>\n\u21d2 \u03b2log (\u03c0(a\u00a0<del>t<\/del>\u00a0|s\u00a0<del>t<\/del>\u00a0) \/ \u03c0\u00a0<del>ref<\/del>\u00a0(a\u00a0<del>t<\/del>\u00a0|s\u00a0<del>t<\/del>\u00a0)) = V(s\u00a0<del>t+1<\/del>\u00a0) &#8211; V(s\u00a0<del>t<\/del>\u00a0).<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4fc3\u4f7f\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528 DPO \u7b56\u7565\u6765\u63a8\u5bfc\u5956\u52b1\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u548c\uff0c\u4ee5\u5236\u5b9a\u90e8\u5206\u56de\u590d y<del>1:t+1<\/del>\u00a0\u7684\u8fdb\u5c55\u5956\u52b1 R\u00a0<del>g<\/del>\u00a0\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u2211^t^<del>k=0<\/del>\u00a0\u03b2log (\u03c0(a\u00a0<del>k<\/del>\u00a0|s\u00a0<del>k<\/del>\u00a0) \/ \u03c0\u00a0<del>ref<\/del>\u00a0(a\u00a0<del>k<\/del>\u00a0|s\u00a0<del>k<\/del>\u00a0)) = V(s\u00a0<del>t+1<\/del>\u00a0) &#8211; V(s\u00a0<del>0<\/del>\u00a0),<br \/>\n\u21d2 R\u00a0<del>g<\/del>\u00a0(y\u00a0<del>1:t+1<\/del>\u00a0) = \u2211^t^<del>k=0<\/del>\u00a0w<del>k<\/del>\u00a0log (\u03c0(y\u00a0<del>k+1<\/del>\u00a0|x, y\u00a0<del>1:k<\/del>\u00a0) \/ \u03c0\u00a0<del>ref<\/del>\u00a0(y\u00a0<del>k+1<\/del>\u00a0|x, y\u00a0<del>1:k<\/del>\u00a0)),<\/p>\n<p>\u5176\u4e2d y<del>1:k<\/del>\u00a0\u8868\u793a y\u00a0<del>1<\/del>\u00a0, &#8230;, y\u00a0<del>k<\/del>\u00a0\uff0cw<del>k<\/del>\u00a0= 1 \/ (t+1) \u662f\u6bcf\u4e2a\u53e5\u5b50\u7ea7\u5bf9\u6570\u4f3c\u7136\u6bd4\u7684\u6743\u91cd\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>4.3.2 \u5c5e\u6027\u8fdb\u5c55\u5956\u52b1<\/h4>\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u5148\u524d\u5de5\u4f5c (Gao et al., 2023b) \u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u5f15\u6587\u6307\u6807\uff0c\u5373\u5f15\u6587\u53ec\u56de\u7387\u548c\u7cbe\u5ea6\uff0c\u6765\u8868\u793a\u5f52\u5c5e\u8fdb\u5c55\u5956\u52b1 R\u00a0<del>a<\/del>\u00a0\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5177\u4f53\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5f15\u6587\u53ec\u56de\u7387\u8861\u91cf\u90e8\u5206\u56de\u590d y<del>1:t+1<\/del>\u00a0\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u7531\u76f8\u5e94\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u6bb5\u843d\u652f\u6301\u7684\u53e5\u5b50\u7684\u767e\u5206\u6bd4\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528 NLI \u6a21\u578b (Honovich et al., 2022) \u6765\u68c0\u67e5\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u6bb5\u843d\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a8\u5bfc\u51fa\u6a21\u578b\u56de\u590d\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u53e5\u5b50 y<del>i<\/del>\u00a0(1 \u2264 i \u2264 t + 1)\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06 C<del>i<\/del>\u00a0\u4e2d\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u6bb5\u843d\u8fde\u63a5\u8d77\u6765\u4f5c\u4e3a\u524d\u63d0\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u751f\u6210\u7684\u53e5\u5b50 y<del>i<\/del>\u00a0\u4f5c\u4e3a NLI \u6a21\u578b\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\u3002\u5982\u679c\u524d\u63d0\u5305\u542b\u5047\u8bbe\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5f15\u6587\u53ec\u56de\u7387\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a 1\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a 0\u3002\u5f15\u6587\u7cbe\u5ea6\u8bc4\u4f30\u652f\u6301\u76f8\u5e94\u53e5\u5b50\u7684\u5f15\u6587\u7684\u767e\u5206\u6bd4\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0a\u8ff0\u76f8\u540c\u7684 NLI \u6a21\u578b\u6765\u8ba1\u7b97\u7cbe\u5ea6\u5206\u6570\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5f15\u6587 c\u00a0<del>i,j<\/del>\u00a0\uff0c\u5982\u679c (1) C<del>i<\/del>\u00a0\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5f15\u6587\u90fd\u5305\u542b\u751f\u6210\u7684\u53e5\u5b50 y<del>i<\/del>\u00a0\u5e76\u4e14 (2) C<del>i<\/del>\u00a0\\ {c\u00a0<del>i,j<\/del>\u00a0} \u4e0d\u5305\u542b\u53e5\u5b50 y\u00a0<del>i<\/del>\u00a0\uff0c\u5219\u5176\u7cbe\u5ea6\u5206\u6570\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a 1\u3002\u5426\u5219\uff0c\u7cbe\u5ea6\u5206\u6570\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a 0\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u8ba1\u7b97\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5f15\u6587\u7684\u7cbe\u5ea6\u5206\u6570\uff080 \u6216 1\uff09\u5e76\u5bf9\u6240\u6709\u5f15\u6587\u8fdb\u884c\u5e73\u5747\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8ba1\u7b97 F1 \u5206\u6570\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5f52\u5c5e\u8fdb\u5c55\u5956\u52b1 R\u00a0<del>a<\/del>\u00a0(y\u00a0<del>1:t+1<\/del>\u00a0, C\u00a0<del>1<\/del>\u00a0, &#8230;, C\u00a0<del>t+1<\/del>\u00a0)\uff0c\u4ee5\u63d0\u4f9b\u751f\u6210\u7684\u53e5\u5b50\u548c\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u6bb5\u843d\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5e73\u8861\u5f52\u5c5e\u8d28\u91cf\u5ea6\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>5 \u5b9e\u9a8c<\/h2>\n<h3>5.1 \u5b9e\u9a8c\u8bbe\u7f6e<\/h3>\n<p>\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u3002 \u4e3a\u4e86\u8fdb\u884c\u8bc4\u4f30\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528 ALCE \u57fa\u51c6\u6d4b\u8bd5 (Gao et al., 2023b)\uff0c\u5b83\u7531\u4e09\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u7ec4\u6210\uff1a\uff081\uff09ASQA (Stelmakh et al., 2022)\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u957f\u7bc7 QA \u6570\u636e\u96c6\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u9700\u8981\u591a\u4e2a\u7b54\u6848\u6765\u6db5\u76d6\u4e0d\u540c\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u6b67\u4e49\u95ee\u9898\uff1b\uff082\uff09QAMPARI (Amouyal et al., 2022)\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e8b\u5b9e QA \u6570\u636e\u96c6\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6bcf\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u7b54\u6848\u662f\u4ece\u4e0d\u540c\u6bb5\u843d\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u7684\u5b9e\u4f53\u5217\u8868\uff1b\uff083\uff09ELI5 (Fan et al., 2019)\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u957f\u7bc7 QA \u6570\u636e\u96c6\uff0c\u5305\u542b how\/why\/what \u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e ASQA \u548c QAMPARI\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u95ee\u9898\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u56de\u7b54\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u91c7\u7528 2018\/12\/20 \u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u5feb\u7167\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e ELI5\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u5176\u95ee\u9898\u5728\u4e3b\u9898\u4e0a\u662f\u591a\u6837\u5316\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528 Sphere (Piktus et al., 2021)\uff08Common Crawl \u7684\u8fc7\u6ee4\u7248\u672c\uff09\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u3002\u9075\u5faa Gao et al. (2023b)\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u91c7\u7528 GTR (Ni et al., 2022)\uff0c\u5bf9 Sphere \u91c7\u7528 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.kdjingpai.com\/de\/bm25\/\">BM25<\/a> (Robertson et al., 2009) \u6765\u68c0\u7d22\u524d 100 \u4e2a\u6bb5\u843d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u3002\u6709\u5173\u66f4\u591a\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u8bf7\u53c2\u89c1\u9644\u5f55 A\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8bc4\u4f30\u6307\u6807\u3002 \u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u539f\u59cb ALCE \u57fa\u51c6\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4e2d\u7684\u8bc4\u4f30\u6307\u6807\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u8bc4\u4f30\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u6027\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528 ASQA \u7684\u7cbe\u786e\u5339\u914d (EM) \u53ec\u56de\u7387\u3001QAMPARI \u7684 Recall-5 \u548c ELI5 \u7684\u58f0\u660e\u53ec\u56de\u7387\u6765\u8861\u91cf\u8f93\u51fa\u4e2d\u9ec4\u91d1\u7b54\u6848\uff08\u5173\u952e\u4fe1\u606f\u7247\u6bb5\uff09\u7684\u767e\u5206\u6bd4\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u8ba1\u7b97 Precision \u4f5c\u4e3a QAMPARI \u6570\u636e\u96c6\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u6027\u6307\u6807\uff0c\u8861\u91cf\u751f\u6210\u7684\u7b54\u6848\u4e2d\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u767e\u5206\u6bd4\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u8bc4\u4f30\u8f93\u51fa\u7684\u5f15\u6587\u8d28\u91cf\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8ba1\u7b97\u5f15\u6587\u53ec\u56de\u7387\uff0c\u5b83\u8861\u91cf\u8f93\u51fa\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u5176\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u6bb5\u843d\u4e2d\u63a8\u5bfc\u51fa\u7684\u53e5\u5b50\u7684\u767e\u5206\u6bd4\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5f15\u6587\u7cbe\u5ea6\uff0c\u5b83\u8861\u91cf\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u652f\u6301\u8f93\u51fa\u53e5\u5b50\u7684\u5f15\u6587\u7684\u767e\u5206\u6bd4\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u57fa\u7ebf\u3002 \u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0e\u57fa\u4e8e <a href=\"https:\/\/www.kdjingpai.com\/de\/chatgpt-6\/\">ChatGPT<\/a> \u548c GPT-40 \u7684\u4ee5\u4e0b\u57fa\u7ebf\u8fdb\u884c\u6bd4\u8f83\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>Vanilla <a href=\"https:\/\/www.kdjingpai.com\/de\/rag\/\">RAG<\/a> \u76f4\u63a5\u6307\u793a\u6a21\u578b\u6839\u636e\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7684\u524d 5 \u4e2a\u6bb5\u843d\u751f\u6210\u56de\u590d\u5e76\u8fdb\u884c\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u5e26\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u6f14\u793a\u7684\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u5b66\u4e60 (Brown et al., 2020)\u3002<br \/>\nSummary\/Snippet RAG \u63d0\u4f9b\u6bb5\u843d\u7684\u6458\u8981\u6216\u7247\u6bb5\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5168\u6587\u3002\u6a21\u578b\u5c06\u6839\u636e\u524d 10 \u4e2a\u6bb5\u843d\u6458\u8981\u6216\u7247\u6bb5\u751f\u6210\u5e26\u6709\u5f15\u6587\u7684\u56de\u590d\u3002<br \/>\nInteract \u5141\u8bb8\u6a21\u578b\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u8bbf\u95ee Summary\/Snippet RAG \u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d\u67d0\u4e9b\u6bb5\u843d\u7684\u5168\u6587\u3002\u6a21\u578b\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u52a8\u4f5c\u201cCheck: Document [1] [2]\u201d\u6765\u83b7\u53d6\u76f8\u5e94\u6587\u6863\u7684\u5168\u6587\u3002<br \/>\nInline Search \u5141\u8bb8\u6a21\u578b\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e00\u4e2a\u52a8\u4f5c\u201cSearch: {query}\u201d\u6765\u4ece\u524d 100 \u4e2a\u6bb5\u843d\u4e2d\u68c0\u7d22\u6700\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u6bb5\u843d\u3002\u6b64\u65b9\u6cd5\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5b83\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u76f4\u63a5\u6bd4\u8f83\u3002<br \/>\nReRank \u968f\u673a\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u62bd\u53d6\u56db\u4e2a\u56de\u590d\uff0c\u5e76\u6839\u636e\u5f15\u6587\u53ec\u56de\u7387\u6307\u6807\u9009\u62e9\u6700\u4f73\u56de\u590d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0a\u8ff0\u57fa\u7ebf\u5df2\u5728\u539f\u59cb ALCE \u57fa\u51c6\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4e2d\u5f97\u5230\u5e94\u7528\u548c\u8bc4\u4f30\uff0c\u5982 (Gao et al., 2023b) \u4e2d\u6240\u62a5\u544a\u7684\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0e\u5148\u524d\u5173\u4e8e\u5e26\u5f52\u5c5e\u6587\u672c\u751f\u6210\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u6bd4\u8f83\u3002FG-Reward (Huang et al., 2024) \u5efa\u8bae\u4f7f\u7528\u7ec6\u7c92\u5ea6\u5956\u52b1\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8bad\u7ec3\u4fe1\u53f7\u6765\u5fae\u8c03 LLaMA-2-7B (Touvron et al., 2023) \u4ee5\u751f\u6210\u53ef\u5f52\u5c5e\u7684\u56de\u590d\u3002VTG (Sun et al., 2024) \u4f7f\u7528\u4e0d\u65ad\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u8bb0\u5fc6\u548c\u4e24\u5c42\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5668\u6765\u6307\u5bfc\u751f\u6210\u6a21\u578b\uff08\u5373 text-davinci-003\uff09\u3002APO (Li et al., 2024) \u6574\u7406\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u504f\u597d\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u96c6\uff0c\u5e76\u5bf9 LLaMA-2-13B \u5e94\u7528\u4e86\u504f\u597d\u4f18\u5316\uff0c\u4ee5\u8fdb\u884c\u5e26\u5f52\u5c5e\u7684\u6587\u672c\u751f\u6210\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5b9e\u65bd\u7ec6\u8282\u3002 \u6211\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528 LLaMA-3.1-8B-Instruct \u548c GPT-40 \u4f5c\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u6a21\u578b\u6765\u8bc4\u4f30\u6211\u4eec\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5956\u52b1\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u91c7\u7528 DPO \u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u5373 Llama-3-8B-SFR-Iterative-DPO-R\u00b9\uff0c\u6765\u8ba1\u7b97\u751f\u6210\u8fdb\u5c55\u5956\u52b1\uff0c\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528 NLI \u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u5373 T5-XXL-TRUE-NLI-Mixture (Honovich et al., 2022)\uff0c\u6765\u8ba1\u7b97\u5f52\u5c5e\u8fdb\u5c55\u5956\u52b1\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u641c\u7d22\u67e5\u8be2\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4ece\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u4e2d\u68c0\u7d22\u524d 3 \u4e2a\u6bb5\u843d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5019\u9009\u53c2\u8003 D\u00a0<del>t<\/del>\u00a0\u3002\u5728 UCT \u7b97\u6cd5\uff08\u7b49\u5f0f 1\uff09\u4e2d\uff0c\u6743\u91cd w \u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a 0.2\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e SG-MCTS\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7236\u8282\u70b9\u6269\u5c55\u4e09\u4e2a\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u6700\u5927\u6811\u5c42\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a 6\uff0c\u5c06 MCTS \u7684\u6700\u5927\u8fed\u4ee3\u6b21\u6570\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a 30\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>5.2 \u4e3b\u8981\u7ed3\u679c<\/h3>\n<p>\u88681\u663e\u793a\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u57fa\u7ebf\u5728\u4e09\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u4e0a\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\uff0c\u4e09\u79cd\u68c0\u7d22\u589e\u5f3a\u751f\u6210\uff08RAG\uff09\u65b9\u6cd5\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u4e2d\u7b49\u6027\u80fd\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4f7f\u7528\u6458\u8981\u6216\u7247\u6bb5\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u6b63\u786e\u6027\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u6539\u8fdb\u662f\u4ee5\u5f15\u7528\u8d28\u91cf\u4e3a\u4ee3\u4ef7\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6bb5\u843d\u4fe1\u606f\u88ab\u9ad8\u5ea6\u538b\u7f29\u3002ReRank\u5728\u4e09\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u4e2d\u5bfc\u81f4\u5f15\u7528\u8d28\u91cf\u7684\u6301\u7eed\u6539\u8fdb\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cvanilla RAG\u5728ASQA\u4e2d\u4ece73.6%\u63d0\u9ad8\u523084.8%\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u53ec\u56de\u7387\uff09\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u76f4\u63a5\u6bd4\u8f83\uff0cInline Search\u4e0e\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u63d0\u793a\u57fa\u7ebf\u76f8\u6bd4\u8868\u73b0\u66f4\u5dee\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u8bf7\u6c42\u68c0\u7d22\u67e5\u8be2\u800c\u4e0d\u8003\u8651\u8bc1\u636e\u8d28\u91cf\u548c\u76f8\u5173\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u5e26\u6709\u6ce8\u91ca\u5f15\u7528\u7684\u76d1\u7763\u8bad\u7ec3\u6570\u636e\u4e0a\u5fae\u8c03LLM\uff0cFG-Reward\u548cAPO\u5728ASQA\u548cELI5\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u4e2d\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u589e\u52a0\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u8d28\u91cf\uff0c\u4f46\u5728QAMPARI\u4e2d\u5e76\u672a\u63d0\u9ad8\u6027\u80fd\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0cVTG\u91c7\u7528\u751f\u6210\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5668\u548c\u5185\u5b58\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5668\u6765\u8bc4\u4f30\u8bc1\u636e\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5bfc\u81f4\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u8d28\u91cf\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cASQA\u4e2d86.7%\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u53ec\u56de\u7387\uff09\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5fae\u8c03LLMs\u53d7\u5230\u76d1\u7763\u8bad\u7ec3\u6570\u636e\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u548c\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u652f\u6301\u8bc1\u636e\u9700\u8981\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u6210\u672c\u6765\u94fe\u63a5\u5230\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u6765\u6e90\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u4ecd\u7136\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u81ea\u56de\u5f52\u751f\u6210\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5feb\u901f\u4f46\u4e0d\u592a\u51c6\u786e\u7684\u601d\u7ef4\u6a21\u5f0f\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u4e2d\u95f4\u751f\u6210\u9519\u8bef\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u865a\u5047\u9648\u8ff0\u6216\u4e0d\u5145\u5206\u7684\u5f15\u7528\uff09\u5c06\u5bfc\u81f4\u6700\u7ec8\u54cd\u5e94\u51fa\u73b0\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th><\/th>\n<th>ASQA<\/th>\n<th>QAMPARI<\/th>\n<th>ELI5<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Correctness<\/td>\n<td>Citation<\/td>\n<td>Correctness<\/td>\n<td>Citation<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>EM Rec.<\/td>\n<td>Rec.<\/td>\n<td>Prec.<\/td>\n<td>Recall-5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>ChatGPT<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Vanilla RAG<\/td>\n<td>40.4<\/td>\n<td>73.6<\/td>\n<td>72.5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>w\/ ReRank<\/td>\n<td>40.2<\/td>\n<td>84.8<\/td>\n<td>81.6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Summary RAG<\/td>\n<td>43.3<\/td>\n<td>68.9<\/td>\n<td>61.8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>w\/ Interact<\/td>\n<td>39.1<\/td>\n<td>73.4<\/td>\n<td>66.5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Snippet RAG<\/td>\n<td>41.4<\/td>\n<td>65.3<\/td>\n<td>57.4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>w\/Interact<\/td>\n<td>41.2<\/td>\n<td>64.5<\/td>\n<td>57.7<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Inline Search<\/td>\n<td>32.4<\/td>\n<td>58.3<\/td>\n<td>58.2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>GPT-40<\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Vanilla RAG<\/td>\n<td>41.3<\/td>\n<td>68.5<\/td>\n<td>75.6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>w\/ ReRank<\/td>\n<td>42.1<\/td>\n<td>83.4<\/td>\n<td>82.3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Summary RAG<\/td>\n<td>46.5<\/td>\n<td>70.2<\/td>\n<td>67.2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>w\/ Interact<\/td>\n<td>48.1<\/td>\n<td>73.1<\/td>\n<td>72.8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Snippet RAG<\/td>\n<td>45.1<\/td>\n<td>68.9<\/td>\n<td>66.5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>w\/Interact<\/td>\n<td>45.2<\/td>\n<td>67.8<\/td>\n<td>66.7<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Inline Search<\/td>\n<td>40.3<\/td>\n<td>65.7<\/td>\n<td>66.9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>FG-Reward<\/td>\n<td>40.1<\/td>\n<td>77.8<\/td>\n<td>76.3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>VTG<\/td>\n<td>41.5<\/td>\n<td>86.7<\/td>\n<td>80.0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>APO<\/td>\n<td>40.5<\/td>\n<td>72.8<\/td>\n<td>69.6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Ours (LLaMA)<\/td>\n<td>45.2<\/td>\n<td>82.3<\/td>\n<td>80.6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Ours (GPT-40)<\/td>\n<td>50.1<\/td>\n<td>89.5<\/td>\n<td>87.1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u88681\uff1a\u5c5e\u6027\u6587\u672c\u751f\u6210\u5728\u4e09\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u4e0a\u7684\u8bc4\u4f30\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u201cRec.\u201d \u548c \u201cPrec.\u201d \u662f\u53ec\u56de\u7387\u548c\u7cbe\u786e\u7387\u7684\u7b80\u79f0\u3002\u7c97\u4f53\u548c\u4e0b\u5212\u7ebf\u5b57\u4f53\u5206\u522b\u8868\u793a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u4e2d\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u548c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4f73\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5728\u6240\u6709\u4e09\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u4e2d\u5747\u663e\u8457\u4f18\u4e8e\u6240\u6709\u5148\u524d\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002Think&amp;Cite\u5c06\u5c5e\u6027\u6587\u672c\u751f\u6210\u4efb\u52a1\u8868\u8ff0\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u591a\u6b65\u9aa4\u63a8\u7406\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5e76\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u7f13\u6162\u800c\u5ba1\u614e\u7684\u601d\u8003\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u4ee5\u641c\u7d22\u6700\u4f73\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u63d0\u51fa\u81ea\u6211\u5f15\u5bfc\u7684MCTS\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0cThink&amp;Cite\u5229\u7528LLMs\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u53cd\u601d\u80fd\u529b\u6765\u6307\u5bfc\u6811\u7684\u6269\u5c55\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u6240\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u8fdb\u5c55\u5956\u52b1\u6a21\u578b\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u63d0\u4f9b\u5168\u9762\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u53cd\u9988\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u6a21\u578b\u63a2\u7d22\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u751f\u6210\u54cd\u5e94\u3002<\/p>\n<h3>5.3 \u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5206\u6790<\/h3>\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u62a5\u544a\u4e86\u4f7f\u7528 GPT-40 \u5728 ASQA \u4e0a\u5bf9\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u4e0a\u4e5f\u6709\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6d88\u878d\u7814\u7a76\u3002 \u4e3a\u4e86\u9a8c\u8bc1\u6211\u4eec\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u6846\u67b6\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6027\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u5176\u5173\u952e\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5143\u7d20\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u6d88\u878d\u5206\u6790\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e86\u56db\u4e2a\u53d8\u4f53\uff1a\uff081\uff09w\/o SG-MCTS \u5220\u9664\u4e86\u81ea\u5f15\u5bfc MCTS \u5e76\u76f4\u63a5\u9010\u6b65\u751f\u6210\u7b54\u6848\uff1b\uff082\uff09w\/o Reflection \u5220\u9664\u4e86\u53cd\u601d\u6b65\u9aa4\u5e76\u91c7\u7528 vanilla MCTS \u7b97\u6cd5\uff1b\uff083\uff09w\/o GP Reward \u5220\u9664\u4e86\u751f\u6210\u8fdb\u5c55\u5956\u52b1 R\u00a0<del>g<\/del>\u00a0\uff1b\uff084\uff09w\/o AP Reward \u5220\u9664\u4e86\u5f52\u5c5e\u8fdb\u5c55\u5956\u52b1 R\u00a0<del>a<\/del>\u00a0\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u8868 2 \u4e2d\u663e\u793a\u4e86\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u6240\u6709\u53d8\u4f53\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u90fd\u6bd4\u539f\u59cb\u65b9\u6cd5\u5dee\uff0c\u8fd9\u8868\u660e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7ec4\u4ef6\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6027\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u6765\u8bf4\uff0cw\/o SG-MCTS \u7684\u6027\u80fd\u663e\u8457\u4e0b\u964d\uff0c\u8fd9\u8868\u660e\u5c06\u641c\u7d22\u7b97\u6cd5\u96c6\u6210\u5230\u5e26\u5f52\u5c5e\u7684\u6587\u672c\u751f\u6210\u4e2d\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u76ca\u7684\u3002\u4f7f\u7528 vanilla MCTS (w\/o Reflection) \u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u66f4\u5dee\u7684\u5f15\u6587\u8d28\u91cf\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u53cd\u601d\u68c0\u7d22\u5230\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u53c2\u8003\u3002\u540c\u6837\uff0cw\/o GP Reward \u548c w\/o AP Reward \u90fd\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u66f4\u5dee\u7684\u6027\u80fd\uff0c\u8fd9\u8868\u660e\u751f\u6210\u548c\u5f15\u6587\u8d28\u91cf\u68c0\u67e5\u90fd\u662f\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Method<\/th>\n<th>Correctness<\/th>\n<th>Citation<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>EM Rec.<\/td>\n<td>Rec.<\/td>\n<td>Prec.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Think&amp;Cite<\/td>\n<td>50.1<\/td>\n<td>89.5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>w\/oSG-MCTS<\/td>\n<td>42.1<\/td>\n<td>78.2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>w\/oReflection<\/td>\n<td>46.5<\/td>\n<td>83.6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>w\/oGPReward<\/td>\n<td>47.1<\/td>\n<td>86.2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>w\/oAPReward<\/td>\n<td>46.7<\/td>\n<td>81.3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u81ea\u6211\u53cd\u601d\u4e0e\u6a21\u62df\u3002 \u6bcf\u6b21\u6a21\u62df\u4e2d\uff0cSG-MCTS \u9075\u5faa\u56db\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u6b65\u9aa4\uff0c\u5e76\u91c7\u7528\u81ea\u6211\u53cd\u601d\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u6279\u8bc4\u548c\u6539\u8fdb\u9519\u8bef\u67e5\u8be2\u6765\u63d0\u9ad8\u6269\u5c55\u4e2d\u4e2d\u95f4\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u68c0\u67e5\u53cd\u601d\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6027\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6bd4\u8f83\u4e86\u589e\u52a0\u6700\u5927\u6a21\u62df\u6b21\u6570\u548c\u589e\u52a0\u6700\u5927\u53cd\u601d\u64cd\u4f5c\u6b21\u6570\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u9996\u5148\u5c06\u6700\u5927\u6a21\u62df\u6b21\u6570\u66f4\u6539\u4e3a {10, 20, 30, 40}\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u6700\u5927\u53cd\u601d\u6b21\u6570\u56fa\u5b9a\u4e3a 10\u3002\u540c\u6837\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u5c06\u6700\u5927\u53cd\u601d\u6b21\u6570\u66f4\u6539\u4e3a {5, 10, 15, 20}\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u6700\u5927\u6a21\u62df\u6b21\u6570\u56fa\u5b9a\u4e3a 30\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u57fa\u4e8e\u5f15\u6587\u53ec\u56de\u7387\u548c\u7cbe\u5ea6\u5728\u56fe 3 \u4e2d\u663e\u793a\u4e86 F1 \u5206\u6570\u3002\u8be5\u56fe\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u589e\u52a0\u6a21\u62df\u6b21\u6570\u548c\u53cd\u601d\u6b21\u6570\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u5e26\u5f52\u5c5e\u7684\u6587\u672c\u751f\u6210\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u610f\u6599\u4e4b\u4e2d\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u66f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u63a2\u7d22\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u627e\u5230\u6b63\u786e\u751f\u6210\u7684\u6982\u7387\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u53cd\u601d\u6b65\u9aa4\u4f1a\u4f7f\u6a21\u578b\u201c\u8fc7\u5ea6\u601d\u8003\u201d\uff0c\u5f15\u5165\u566a\u58f0\u5e76\u5bfc\u81f4\u6027\u80fd\u4e0b\u964d\u3002SG-MCTS \u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u53cd\u601d\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u4f18\u4e8e vanilla MCTS\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u7236\u8282\u70b9\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u4e0d\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u68c0\u7d22\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u6269\u5c55\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u63a8\u7406\u8fc7\u7a0b\u6cbf\u7740\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u7ee7\u7eed\u3002\u53cd\u601d\u6b65\u9aa4\u6539\u8fdb\u4e86\u7531\u4e8e\u67e5\u8be2\u4e0d\u8db3\u800c\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u68c0\u7d22\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4f7f\u540e\u7eed\u63a2\u7d22\u80fd\u591f\u66f4\u51c6\u786e\u5730\u8fdb\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n<div style=\"width: 667px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" title=\"-3\" src=\"https:\/\/www.kdjingpai.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/314cb83fb35e885.jpg\" alt=\"-3\" width=\"657\" height=\"327\" \/><p class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u56fe3\uff1aASQA\u4e0a\u5173\u4e8e\u6a21\u62df\u6b21\u6570\uff08\u5de6\u4fa7\uff09\u6216\u53cd\u601d\u6b65\u9aa4\u6b21\u6570\uff08\u53f3\u4fa7\uff09\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/p><\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u8d85\u53c2\u6570\u5206\u6790\u3002 \u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u8d85\u53c2\u6570\u5bf9\u6b63\u786e\u6027\u548c\u5f15\u6587\u8d28\u91cf\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\uff1a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u67e5\u8be2 q<del>t<\/del>\u00a0\u68c0\u7d22\u5230\u7684\u6bb5\u843d\u6570 |D\u00a0<del>t<\/del>\u00a0| \u548c\u6811\u641c\u7d22\u4e2d\u6269\u5c55\u5b50\u8282\u70b9 s<del>t+1<\/del>\u00a0\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u3002\u5982\u56fe 4 \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u589e\u52a0\u68c0\u7d22\u5230\u7684\u6bb5\u843d\u6570\u6765\u521d\u6b65\u63d0\u9ad8\u5f15\u6587\u8d28\u91cf\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u589e\u52a0\u8d85\u8fc7\u67d0\u4e2a\u9608\u503c\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u66f4\u5dee\u7684\u6027\u80fd\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5408\u5e76\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u6bb5\u843d\u4f1a\u5f15\u5165\u566a\u58f0\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5bf9\u751f\u6210\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u4ea7\u751f\u8d1f\u9762\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u89c2\u5bdf\u5230\u589e\u52a0\u6269\u5c55\u8282\u70b9\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u4f1a\u5e26\u6765\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u6539\u8fdb\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6539\u8fdb\u540e\u6765\u8d8b\u4e8e\u7a33\u5b9a\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u6269\u5c55\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u8282\u70b9\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u6210\u672c\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7236\u8282\u70b9\u62bd\u53d6\u4e09\u4e2a\u5b50\u8282\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n<div style=\"width: 670px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" title=\"-4\" src=\"https:\/\/www.kdjingpai.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/3f3c9cd201f4295.jpg\" alt=\"-4\" width=\"660\" height=\"327\" \/><p class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u56fe4\uff1aASQA\u4e0a\u5173\u4e8e\u6bb5\u843d\u6570\u91cf\uff08\u5de6\u4fa7\uff09\u6216\u6269\u5c55\u8282\u70b9\u6570\u91cf\uff08\u53f3\u4fa7\uff09\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/p><\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>5.4 \u6848\u4f8b\u7814\u7a76<\/h3>\n<p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fbf\u4e8e\u7406\u89e3\u6211\u4eec\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u6574\u4e2a\u5de5\u4f5c\u6d41\u7a0b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5728ASQA\u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b9a\u6027\u5206\u6790\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u9644\u5f55C\u4e2d\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002\u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u641c\u7d22\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0cLLM\u5c06\u8f93\u5165\u95ee\u9898\u89c6\u4e3a\u6839\u8282\u70b9\uff0c\u5e76\u9010\u6b65\u6269\u5c55\u641c\u7d22\u6811\u4ee5\u8fbe\u5230\u7ec8\u6b62\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u5982\u56fe\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u6a21\u578b\u9996\u5148\u751f\u6210\u67e5\u8be2\uff08\u5373\u201c\u9644\u8fd1Gunnison\u81ea\u7136\u666f\u70b9\u4f4d\u7f6e\u201d\uff09\u4ee5\u68c0\u7d22\u6bb5\u843d\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u6bb5\u843d\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u5305\u542b\u56de\u7b54\u95ee\u9898\u6240\u9700\u7684\u6709\u6548\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u6a21\u578b\u53cd\u601d\u5e76\u63d0\u51fa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\uff08\u5373\u201cGunnison\u81ea\u7136\u666f\u70b9\u666f\u70b9\u201d\uff09\u8fdb\u884c\u68c0\u7d22\u3002\u57fa\u4e8e\u68c0\u7d22\u5230\u7684\u6bb5\u843d\uff0c\u6a21\u578b\u751f\u6210\u53e5\u5b50\u5e76\u5f15\u7528\u7b2c\u4e8c\u548c\u7b2c\u4e09\u6bb5\u843d\uff08\u5373\u201c[2][3]\u201d\uff09\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u9075\u5faa\u591a\u6b65\u9aa4\u751f\u6210\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u6a21\u578b\u53ef\u4ee5\u6df1\u5165\u601d\u8003\u4e3b\u9898\u5e76\u8f93\u51fa\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u4e0e\u51c6\u786e\u7684\u5f15\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>6 \u7ed3\u8bba<\/h2>\n<p>\u5728\u8fd9\u9879\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86Think&amp;Cite\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u96c6\u6210\u4e86\u6811\u641c\u7d22\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u6587\u672c\u751f\u6210\u65b0\u6846\u67b6\u3002Think&amp;Cite\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u8fed\u4ee3\u7684\u601d\u8003-\u8868\u8fbe-\u5f15\u7528\u751f\u6210\u8303\u5f0f\u4e4b\u4e0a\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u589e\u5f3a\u751f\u6210\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u81ea\u6211\u5f15\u5bfc\u7684\u8499\u7279\u5361\u6d1b\u6811\u641c\u7d22\uff0c\u5b83\u5229\u7528LLMs\u7684\u81ea\u6211\u53cd\u601d\u80fd\u529b\u6765\u6279\u8bc4\u548c\u4fee\u6b63MCTS\u7684\u4e2d\u95f4\u72b6\u6001\u4ee5\u6307\u5bfc\u6811\u6269\u5c55\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u8fdb\u5c55\u5956\u52b1\u6a21\u578b\u6765\u8861\u91cf\u6811\u641c\u7d22\u7684\u8fdb\u5c55\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u53ef\u9760\u53cd\u9988\u3002\u4e09\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u4e0a\u7684\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u63d0\u51fa\u7684Think&amp;Cite\u4f18\u4e8e\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u63d0\u793a\u548c\u5fae\u8c03\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>\u5c40\u9650\u6027<\/h2>\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u8303\u56f4\u53d7\u5230\u57fa\u4e8e\u6811\u7684\u641c\u7d22\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u8ba1\u7b97\u6210\u672c\u9650\u5236\u3002\u672a\u6765\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a2\u7d22\u66f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u6587\u672c\u751f\u6210\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u3002\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u4e2d\uff0c\u8499\u7279\u5361\u6d1b\u6811\u641c\u7d22\u88ab\u7528\u4e8e\u81ea\u6211\u5f15\u5bfc\u7684\u751f\u6210\u3002\u672a\u6765\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a2\u7d22\u989d\u5916\u7684\u641c\u7d22\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u4ee5\u8bc4\u4f30\u6211\u4eec\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u6846\u67b6\u7684\u901a\u7528\u6027\u548c\u7a33\u5065\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>\u9644\u5f55<\/h3>\n<h4>A \u6570\u636e\u96c6<\/h4>\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u5728ALCE\u57fa\u51c6\u4e0a\u8bc4\u4f30\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u8be5\u57fa\u51c6\u5305\u62ec\u4e09\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u6765\u8bf4\uff0cASQA\u6570\u636e\u96c6\uff08Stelmakh et al., 2022\uff09\u5305\u542b948\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u7b54\u6848\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\uff1bQAMPARI\u6570\u636e\u96c6\uff08Amouyal et al., 2022\uff09\u5305\u542b1000\u4e2a\u57fa\u4e8e\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff1bELI5\u6570\u636e\u96c6\uff08Fan et al., 2019\uff09\u5305\u62ec1000\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u7b54\u6848\u53ef\u4ee5\u4eceSphere\uff08Piktus et al., 2021\uff09\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\u3002\u8fd9\u4e09\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u4fe1\u606f\u89c1\u88683\u3002<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u6570\u636e\u96c6<\/th>\n<th>\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\uff08#\u6bb5\u843d\uff09<\/th>\n<th>\u95ee\u9898\u7c7b\u578b<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>ASQA<\/td>\n<td>\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\uff082100\u4e07\uff09<\/td>\n<td>\u4e8b\u5b9e\u6027<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>QAMPARI<\/td>\n<td>\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\uff082100\u4e07\uff09<\/td>\n<td>\u4e8b\u5b9e\u6027\uff08\u5217\u8868\uff09<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>ELI5<\/td>\n<td>Sphere\uff088.99\u4ebf\uff09<\/td>\n<td>\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\/\u5982\u4f55\/\u4ec0\u4e48<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h4>B \u63d0\u793a<\/h4>\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u6307\u5bfcLLM\u4ee5\u5c11\u6837\u672c\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u8fdb\u884c\u81ea\u6211\u5f15\u5bfc\u7684\u6811\u641c\u7d22\u4ee5\u751f\u6210\u5c5e\u6027\u6587\u672c\u3002ASQA\u3001QAMPARI\u548cELI5\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u7684\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u5b66\u4e60\u63d0\u793a\u5206\u522b\u89c1\u88684\u3001\u88685\u548c\u88686\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u63d0\u793a\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9996\u5148\u4e3aLLM\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u8fed\u4ee3\u7684\u601d\u8003-\u8868\u8fbe-\u5f15\u7528\u8303\u5f0f\u4e2d\u7684\u56db\u4e2a\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6784\u5efa\u4e86\u56db\u4e2a\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u793a\u4f8b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u793a\u4f8b\u88ab\u9009\u4e3a\u4e0eALCE\u57fa\u51c6\uff08Gao et al., 2023b\uff09\u4e00\u81f4\u3002<\/p>\n<h4>C \u6848\u4f8b\u7814\u7a76<\/h4>\n<div id=\"attachment_20771\" style=\"width: 1191px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-20771\" class=\"wp-image-20771 size-full\" title=\"-1\" src=\"https:\/\/www.kdjingpai.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/4df45eab0768ccf.png\" alt=\"-1\" width=\"1181\" height=\"658\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.kdjingpai.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/4df45eab0768ccf.png 1181w, https:\/\/www.kdjingpai.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/4df45eab0768ccf-768x428.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1181px) 100vw, 1181px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-20771\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u56fe5\u4e2d\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6765\u81eaASQA\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u3002<\/p><\/div>\n<p>\u60a8\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u4ec5\u4f7f\u7528\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u641c\u7d22\u7ed3\u679c\u4e3a\u7ed9\u5b9a\u95ee\u9898\u7f16\u5199\u4e00\u4e2a\u51c6\u786e\u3001\u6709\u8da3\u4e14\u7b80\u6d01\u7684\u7b54\u6848\uff0c\u5e76\u6b63\u786e\u5f15\u7528\u5b83\u4eec\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u516c\u6b63\u548c\u65b0\u95fb\u7684\u8bed\u6c14\u3002\u59cb\u7ec8\u4e3a\u4efb\u4f55\u4e8b\u5b9e\u58f0\u660e\u5f15\u7528\u3002\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u56db\u79cd\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1a<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>&#8220;&#8221;&#8221;\u641c\u7d22\uff1a\u5173\u952e\u8bcd&#8221;&#8221;&#8221;\uff0c\u5b83\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e00\u4e9b\u5173\u952e\u8bcd\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u641c\u7d22\u548c\u751f\u6210\u5386\u53f2\u68c0\u7d22\u6700\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u6587\u6863\u3002<\/li>\n<li>&#8220;&#8221;&#8221;\u53cd\u601d\uff1a\u60f3\u6cd5&#8221;&#8221;&#8221;\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u672a\u83b7\u5f97\u6709\u6548\u6587\u6863\u4ee5\u56de\u7b54\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5219\u5bf9\u641c\u7d22\u7ed3\u679c\u8fdb\u884c\u53cd\u601d\u3002<\/li>\n<li>&#8220;&#8221;&#8221;\u8f93\u51fa\uff1a\u53e5\u5b50&#8221;&#8221;&#8221;\uff0c\u5b83\u57fa\u4e8e\u68c0\u7d22\u5230\u7684\u6587\u6863\u8f93\u51fa\u957f\u7bc7\u7b54\u6848\u3002\u5728\u7b54\u6848\u4e2d\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528[1][2][3]\u6b63\u786e\u5f15\u7528\u3002\u81f3\u5c11\u5f15\u7528\u4e00\u7bc7\u6587\u6863\uff0c\u6bcf\u53e5\u8bdd\u6700\u591a\u5f15\u7528\u4e09\u7bc7\u6587\u6863\u3002\u5982\u679c\u591a\u4e2a\u6587\u6863\u652f\u6301\u8be5\u53e5\u5b50\uff0c\u5219\u4ec5\u5f15\u7528\u6700\u5c0f\u5145\u5206\u5b50\u96c6\u7684\u6587\u6863\u3002<\/li>\n<li>&#8220;&#8221;&#8221;\u7ed3\u675f&#8221;&#8221;&#8221;\uff0c\u5b83\u7ed3\u675f\u95ee\u7b54\u4efb\u52a1\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u95ee\u9898 \uff1a\u8c01\u521b\u9020\u4e86\u6700\u8fdc\u8ddd\u79bb\u7684\u5c04\u95e8\u8bb0\u5f55\uff1f<br \/>\n\u641c\u7d22 \uff1a\u6700\u8fdc\u8ddd\u79bb\u5c04\u95e8\u8bb0\u5f55<br \/>\n\u6587\u6863[1] \uff08\u6807\u9898\uff1a\u5927\u536b\u00b7\u963f\u514b\u65af\uff09\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u4e00\u4e2a63\u7801\u7684\u5c04\u95e8\u8e22\u5230\u6a2a\u6746\u4e0a\uff0c\u521b\u4e0b\u4e86\u6700\u8fdc\u8ddd\u79bb\u5c04\u95e8\u7684\u8bb0\u5f55\u3002<br \/>\n\u6587\u6863[2] \uff08\u6807\u9898\uff1a\u5fb7\u514b\u00b7\u535a\u5c14\u6208\u5c3c\u5965\u5185\uff09\u5fb7\u514b\u00b7\u535a\u5c14\u6208\u5c3c\u5965\u5185\uff0c\u5fb7\u514b\u00b7\u7f57\u7eb3\u5fb7\u00b7\u535a\u5c14\u6208\u5c3c\u5965\u5185\uff081968\u5e741\u67089\u65e5\u51fa\u751f\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u524d\u56fd\u5bb6&#8230;<br \/>\n\u6587\u6863[3] \uff08\u6807\u9898\uff1a\u62c9\u585e\u5c14\u00b7\u57c3\u5c14\u514b\u585e\u672c\uff09\u5bf9\u6297\u79d1\u7f57\u62c9\u591a\u5927\u5b66\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6bd4\u8d5b\u4e2d\u65e9\u671f\u9047\u5230\u9ebb\u70e6\uff0c\u5305\u62ec&#8230;<br \/>\n\u53cd\u601d \uff1a\u641c\u7d22\u7ed3\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u63d0\u4f9b\u6709\u6548\u4fe1\u606f\u6765\u56de\u7b54\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u6700\u597d\u641c\u7d22NFL\u4e2d\u6700\u8fdc\u7684\u5c04\u95e8\u8bb0\u5f55\u3002<br \/>\n\u641c\u7d22 \uff1aNFL\u4e2d\u6700\u8fdc\u8ddd\u79bb\u5c04\u95e8\u8bb0\u5f55<br \/>\n\u6587\u6863[4] \uff08\u6807\u9898\uff1a\u5c04\u95e8\uff09\u5411\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5e95\u7ebf\u65b9\u5411\u3002\u5728NFL\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u6700\u8fdc\u7684\u5c04\u95e8\u662f64\u7801\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u8bb0\u5f55\u7531&#8230;<br \/>\n\u6587\u6863[5] \uff08\u6807\u9898\uff1a\u5c04\u95e8\u8303\u56f4\uff09\u4e24\u7aef\u7684\u7aef\u533a\uff09\u53ea\u670966\u7801\u3002\u65af\u5361\u6070\uff08Scaccia\uff09\uff0c\u5728\u5ba4\u5185\u8db3\u7403\u6bd4\u8d5b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c1d\u8bd5\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a64\u7801\u7684&#8230;<br \/>\n\u6587\u6863[6] \uff08\u6807\u9898\uff1a\u5c04\u95e8\u8303\u56f4\uff09\u8fd9\u4e00\u6210\u5c31\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u5b98\u65b9\u8bb0\u5f55\u3002\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6240\u6709\u5c04\u95e8\u90fd\u662f\u6210\u529f\u7684&#8230;<br \/>\n\u8f93\u51fa \uff1aNFL\u6bd4\u8d5b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6700\u8fdc\u7684\u5c04\u95e8\u8bb0\u5f55\u662f\u9a6c\u7279\u00b7\u666e\u62c9\u7279\uff08Matt Prater\uff09\u521b\u9020\u768464\u7801[4]\u3002<br \/>\n\u641c\u7d22 \uff1a\u4efb\u4f55\u7ea7\u522b\u6bd4\u8d5b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6700\u8fdc\u7684\u5c04\u95e8\u8bb0\u5f55\uff0c\u5927\u5b66<br \/>\n\u6587\u6863[7] \uff08\u6807\u9898\uff1a\u5c04\u95e8\uff09\u5411\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5e95\u7ebf\u65b9\u5411\u3002\u5728NFL\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u6700\u8fdc\u7684\u5c04\u95e8\u662f64\u7801\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u8bb0\u5f55\u7531&#8230;<br \/>\n\u6587\u6863[8] \uff08\u6807\u9898\uff1a\u5c04\u95e8\u8303\u56f4\uff0935\u523040\u7801\u7ebf\uff08\u5728\u6a2a\u98ce\u4e2d\u66f4\u8fd1\uff09\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u5c1d\u8bd5\u66f4\u5177\u98ce\u9669\u7684&#8230;<br \/>\n\u6587\u6863[9] \uff08\u6807\u9898\uff1a\u5c04\u95e8\u8303\u56f4\uff09NFL\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u81ea1989\u5e74\u4ee5\u6765\u5df2\u88abNCAA\u7981\u6b62\uff09\u662f68\u7801\uff0c\u7531\u6cd5\u5e03\u91cc\u9f50\u5965\u00b7\u65af\u5361\u6070\uff08Fabrizio Scaccia\uff09\u4fdd\u6301&#8230;<br \/>\n\u8f93\u51fa \uff1a\u4f46\u4efb\u4f55\u7ea7\u522b\u6bd4\u8d5b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6700\u8fdc\u7684\u5c04\u95e8\u8bb0\u5f55\u662f69\u7801\uff0c\u7531\u5927\u5b66\u8e22\u7403\u624b\u5965\u7ef4\u00b7\u7ea6\u7ff0\u900a\uff08Ove Johansson\uff09\u57281976\u5e74\u963f\u6bd4\u6797\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u5927\u5b66\u5bf9\u9635\u4e1c\u5fb7\u514b\u8428\u65af\u5dde\u7acb\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u8db3\u7403\u6bd4\u8d5b\u4e2d\u8e22\u51fa[8]\u3002\u7ed3\u675f<\/p>\n<p>\u60a8\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u4ec5\u4f7f\u7528\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u641c\u7d22\u7ed3\u679c\u4e3a\u7ed9\u5b9a\u95ee\u9898\u7f16\u5199\u4e00\u4e2a\u51c6\u786e\u3001\u6709\u8da3\u4e14\u7b80\u6d01\u7684\u7b54\u6848\uff0c\u5e76\u6b63\u786e\u5f15\u7528\u5b83\u4eec\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u516c\u6b63\u548c\u65b0\u95fb\u7684\u8bed\u6c14\u3002\u59cb\u7ec8\u4e3a\u4efb\u4f55\u4e8b\u5b9e\u58f0\u660e\u5f15\u7528\u3002\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u56db\u79cd\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1a<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>&#8220;&#8221;&#8221;\u641c\u7d22\uff1a\u5173\u952e\u8bcd&#8221;&#8221;&#8221;\uff0c\u5b83\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e00\u4e9b\u5173\u952e\u8bcd\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u641c\u7d22\u548c\u751f\u6210\u5386\u53f2\u68c0\u7d22\u6700\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u6587\u6863\u3002<\/li>\n<li>&#8220;&#8221;&#8221;\u53cd\u601d\uff1a\u60f3\u6cd5&#8221;&#8221;&#8221;\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u672a\u83b7\u5f97\u6709\u6548\u6587\u6863\u4ee5\u56de\u7b54\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5219\u5bf9\u641c\u7d22\u7ed3\u679c\u8fdb\u884c\u53cd\u601d\u3002<\/li>\n<li>&#8220;&#8221;&#8221;\u8f93\u51fa\uff1a\u53e5\u5b50&#8221;&#8221;&#8221;\uff0c\u5b83\u57fa\u4e8e\u68c0\u7d22\u5230\u7684\u6587\u6863\u8f93\u51fa\u957f\u7bc7\u7b54\u6848\u3002\u5728\u7b54\u6848\u4e2d\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528[1][2][3]\u6b63\u786e\u5f15\u7528\u3002\u81f3\u5c11\u5f15\u7528\u4e00\u7bc7\u6587\u6863\uff0c\u6bcf\u53e5\u8bdd\u6700\u591a\u5f15\u7528\u4e09\u7bc7\u6587\u6863\u3002\u5982\u679c\u591a\u4e2a\u6587\u6863\u652f\u6301\u8be5\u53e5\u5b50\uff0c\u5219\u4ec5\u5f15\u7528\u6700\u5c0f\u5145\u5206\u5b50\u96c6\u7684\u6587\u6863\u3002<\/li>\n<li>&#8220;&#8221;&#8221;\u7ed3\u675f&#8221;&#8221;&#8221;\uff0c\u5b83\u7ed3\u675f\u95ee\u7b54\u4efb\u52a1\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u95ee\u9898 \uff1a\u5185\u7ef4\u5c14\u00b7\u8212\u7279\uff08Nevil Shute\uff09\u5199\u4e86\u54ea\u4e9b\u4e66\uff1f<br \/>\n\u641c\u7d22 \uff1a\u5185\u7ef4\u5c14\u00b7\u8212\u7279\u4e3b\u9898\u793e\u4f1a\u969c\u788d<br \/>\n\u6587\u6863[1] \uff08\u6807\u9898\uff1a\u5185\u7ef4\u5c14\u00b7\u8212\u7279\uff09\u65e9\u671f\u9636\u6bb5\u3002\u6211\u7684\u795d\u8d3a\u3002&#8221;\u4ed6\u7684\u4f5c\u5bb6\u58f0\u671b\u5bfc\u81f4\u4fe1\u606f\u90e8\u6d3e\u4ed6\u53bb&#8230;<br \/>\n\u6587\u6863[2] \uff08\u6807\u9898\uff1a\u5185\u7ef4\u5c14\u00b7\u8212\u7279\uff09\u4e3b\u9898\u662f\u8de8\u8d8a\u793e\u4f1a\u969c\u788d\uff0c\u5982\u9636\u7ea7\uff08&#8221;\u5b64\u72ec\u4e4b\u8def&#8221;\u548c&#8221;\u7740\u9646\u70b9&#8221;\uff09\u3001\u79cd\u65cf&#8230;<br \/>\n\u6587\u6863[3] \uff08\u6807\u9898\uff1a\u5185\u7ef4\u5c14\u00b7\u8212\u7279\uff09\u98de\u673a\u5efa\u9020\u516c\u53f8\uff0cAirspeed\u6709\u9650\u516c\u53f8\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u5c0f\u8bf4\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u53d7\u6b22\u8fce\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u8457\u540d&#8230;<br \/>\n\u8f93\u51fa \uff1a\u8d85\u8d8a\u9ed1\u8272\u6811\u6869[2]\uff0c\u5b64\u72ec\u4e4b\u8def[2]\uff0c\u68cb\u76d8[2]\uff0c\u6f6e\u6e7f\u4e2d[2]\uff0c\u5de5\u5177\u5ba4\u53d7\u6258\u4eba[2]\uff0c\u5f2f\u9053\u5468\u56f4[2]\u3002<br \/>\n\u641c\u7d22 \uff1a\u5185\u7ef4\u5c14\u00b7\u8212\u7279\u7b80\u5355\u53ef\u8bfb\u7684\u98ce\u683c<br \/>\n\u6587\u6863[4] \uff08\u5185\u7ef4\u5c14\u00b7\u8212\u7279\uff09\u98de\u673a\u5efa\u9020\u516c\u53f8\uff0cAirspeed\u6709\u9650\u516c\u53f8\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u5c0f\u8bf4\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u53d7\u6b22\u8fce\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u8457\u540d&#8230;<br \/>\n\u6587\u6863[5] \uff08\u68cb\u76d8\uff09\u7f05\u7538\u4eba\u6c11&#8221;\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u8005\u90fd\u662f\u4e66\u4e2d\u6545\u4e8b\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u3002\u8212\u7279\u62c5\u5fc3\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u7684\u9500\u552e&#8230;<br \/>\n\u6587\u6863[6] \uff08\u6f6e\u6e7f\u4e2d\uff09\u4ed6\u5728\u77ed\u7bc7\u6545\u4e8b&#8221;\u597d\u5947\u7684\u8d21\u591a\u5c14\u5171\u548c\u56fd&#8221;\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u591a\u6b21\u6295\u7968\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5&#8230;<br \/>\n\u53cd\u601d \uff1a\u641c\u7d22\u7ed3\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u63d0\u4f9b\u4efb\u4f55\u6709\u7528\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u6765\u56de\u7b54\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u6700\u597d\u641c\u7d221950\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u5185\u7ef4\u5c14\u00b7\u8212\u7279\u7684\u4e66\u3002<br \/>\n\u641c\u7d22 \uff1a1950\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u5185\u7ef4\u5c14\u00b7\u8212\u7279\u7684\u4e66<br \/>\n\u6587\u6863[7] \uff08\u5185\u7ef4\u5c14\u00b7\u8212\u7279\uff09\u65e9\u671f\u9636\u6bb5\u3002\u6211\u7684\u795d\u8d3a\u3002&#8221;\u4ed6\u7684\u4f5c\u5bb6\u58f0\u671b\u5bfc\u81f4\u4fe1\u606f\u90e8\u6d3e\u4ed6\u53bb&#8230;<br \/>\n\u6587\u6863[8] \uff08\u5185\u7ef4\u5c14\u00b7\u8212\u7279\uff09\u4e3b\u9898\u662f\u8de8\u8d8a\u793e\u4f1a\u969c\u788d\uff0c\u5982\u9636\u7ea7\uff08&#8221;\u5b64\u72ec\u4e4b\u8def&#8221;\u548c&#8221;\u7740\u9646\u70b9&#8221;\uff09\u3001\u79cd\u65cf\uff08&#8221;\u68cb\u76d8&#8221;\uff09&#8230;<br \/>\n\u6587\u6863[9] \uff08\u5185\u7ef4\u5c14\u00b7\u8212\u7279\uff09\u98de\u673a\u5efa\u9020\u516c\u53f8\uff0cAirspeed\u6709\u9650\u516c\u53f8\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u5c0f\u8bf4\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u53d7\u6b22\u8fce\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u53d8\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u8457\u540d&#8230;<br \/>\n\u8f93\u51fa \uff1a\u9a6c\u62c9\u8d5e[7]\uff0c\u65af\u8482\u82ac\u00b7\u83ab\u91cc\u65af[7]\u3002<br \/>\n\u7ed3\u675f<\/p>\n<p>\u60a8\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u4ec5\u4f7f\u7528\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u641c\u7d22\u7ed3\u679c\u4e3a\u7ed9\u5b9a\u95ee\u9898\u7f16\u5199\u4e00\u4e2a\u51c6\u786e\u3001\u6709\u8da3\u4e14\u7b80\u6d01\u7684\u7b54\u6848\uff0c\u5e76\u6b63\u786e\u5f15\u7528\u5b83\u4eec\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u516c\u6b63\u548c\u65b0\u95fb\u7684\u8bed\u6c14\u3002\u59cb\u7ec8\u4e3a\u4efb\u4f55\u4e8b\u5b9e\u58f0\u660e\u5f15\u7528\u3002\u60a8\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u56db\u79cd\u64cd\u4f5c\uff1a<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>&#8220;&#8221;&#8221;\u641c\u7d22\uff1a\u5173\u952e\u8bcd&#8221;&#8221;&#8221;\uff0c\u5b83\u8bf7\u6c42\u4e00\u4e9b\u5173\u952e\u8bcd\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u641c\u7d22\u548c\u751f\u6210\u5386\u53f2\u68c0\u7d22\u6700\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u6587\u6863\u3002<\/li>\n<li>&#8220;&#8221;&#8221;\u53cd\u601d\uff1a\u60f3\u6cd5&#8221;&#8221;&#8221;\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u672a\u83b7\u5f97\u6709\u6548\u6587\u6863\u4ee5\u56de\u7b54\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5219\u5bf9\u641c\u7d22\u7ed3\u679c\u8fdb\u884c\u53cd\u601d\u3002<\/li>\n<li>&#8220;&#8221;&#8221;\u8f93\u51fa\uff1a\u53e5\u5b50&#8221;&#8221;&#8221;\uff0c\u5b83\u57fa\u4e8e\u68c0\u7d22\u5230\u7684\u6587\u6863\u8f93\u51fa\u957f\u7bc7\u7b54\u6848\u3002\u5728\u7b54\u6848\u4e2d\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528[1][2][3]\u6b63\u786e\u5f15\u7528\u3002\u81f3\u5c11\u5f15\u7528\u4e00\u7bc7\u6587\u6863\uff0c\u6bcf\u53e5\u8bdd\u6700\u591a\u5f15\u7528\u4e09\u7bc7\u6587\u6863\u3002\u5982\u679c\u591a\u4e2a\u6587\u6863\u652f\u6301\u8be5\u53e5\u5b50\uff0c\u5219\u4ec5\u5f15\u7528\u6700\u5c0f\u5145\u5206\u5b50\u96c6\u7684\u6587\u6863\u3002<\/li>\n<li>&#8220;&#8221;&#8221;\u7ed3\u675f&#8221;&#8221;&#8221;\uff0c\u5b83\u7ed3\u675f\u95ee\u7b54\u4efb\u52a1\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u95ee\u9898 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