{"id":16387,"date":"2024-12-24T16:47:30","date_gmt":"2024-12-24T08:47:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.aisharenet.com\/?p=16387"},"modified":"2024-12-24T16:47:30","modified_gmt":"2024-12-24T08:47:30","slug":"wanzizhangwenshuliai","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.kdjingpai.com\/ja\/wanzizhangwenshuliai\/","title":{"rendered":"\u4e07\u5b57\u957f\u6587\u68b3\u7406\u57fa\u4e8eLLM\u7684Text-to-SQL\u53d1\u5c55\u8fdb\u7a0b"},"content":{"rendered":"<blockquote><p>OlaChat AI\u6570\u667a\u52a9\u624b\u4e07\u5b57\u957f\u6587\u6df1\u5ea6\u89e3\u6790\uff0c\u5e26\u4f60\u4e86\u89e3Text-to-SQL\u6280\u672f\u7684\u524d\u4e16\u4eca\u751f\u3002<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>\u8bba\u6587\uff1aNext-Generation Database Interfaces: A Survey of LLM-based 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\u67e5\u8be2\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8f93\u51fa\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u6267\u884c\u6b64 SQL \u67e5\u8be2\u6765\u68c0\u7d22\u76f8\u5173\u5185\u5bb9\u6765\u56de\u7b54\u7528\u6237\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f7f\u7528LLM\u6784\u5efa\u4e86\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff08NLIDB\uff09\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u63a5\u53e3\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7531\u4e8e SQL \u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u6700\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u4e00\u534a (51.52%) \u7684\u4e13\u4e1a\u5f00\u53d1\u4eba\u5458\u5728\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528 SQL\uff0c\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u5927\u7ea6\u4e09\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00 (35.29%) \u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u4eba\u5458\u63a5\u53d7\u8fc7\u7cfb\u7edf\u57f9\u8bad\uff0cNLIDB \u4f7f\u975e\u719f\u7ec3\u7528\u6237\u80fd\u591f\u50cf\u4e13\u4e1a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e08\u4e00\u6837\u8bbf\u95ee\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u6570\u636e\u5e93 [1 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src=\"https:\/\/www.kdjingpai.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/8abf08758d6a67f.png\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u4ee5\u5f80\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5728\u5b9e\u73b0\u6587\u672c\u5230 SQL \u65b9\u9762\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u663e\u8457\u8fdb\u5c55\uff0c\u5e76\u7ecf\u5386\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6f2b\u957f\u7684\u6f14\u53d8\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5927\u591a\u57fa\u4e8e\u7cbe\u5fc3\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u548c\u6a21\u677f[11]\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u573a\u666f\u3002\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u57fa\u4e8e\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u9ad8\u6602\u4eba\u5de5\u6210\u672c[12]\u548c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u73af\u5883\u7684\u65e5\u76ca\u590d\u6742[13 &#8211; 15]\uff0c\u4e3a\u6bcf\u79cd\u573a\u666f\u8bbe\u8ba1\u89c4\u5219\u6216\u6a21\u677f\u53d8\u5f97\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u56f0\u96be\u548c\u4e0d\u5207\u5b9e\u9645\u3002\u6df1\u5ea6\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u63a8\u52a8\u4e86\u6587\u672c\u5230 SQL \u7684\u8fdb\u6b65[16, 17]\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u52a8\u5b66\u4e60\u4ece\u7528\u6237\u95ee\u9898\u5230\u76f8\u5e94 SQL \u7684\u6620\u5c04[18, 19]\u3002\u968f\u540e\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u5f3a\u5927\u8bed\u4e49\u89e3\u6790\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u9884\u8bad\u7ec3\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b\uff08PLM\uff09\u6210\u4e3a\u6587\u672c\u5230 SQL \u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u65b0\u8303\u4f8b[20]\uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u6027\u80fd\u63d0\u5347\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u6c34\u5e73[21 &#8211; 23]\u3002\u5bf9\u57fa\u4e8e PLM \u7684\u4f18\u5316\uff08\u5982\u8868\u5185\u5bb9\u7f16\u7801 [ 19 , 24 , 25 ]\u548c\u9884\u8bad\u7ec3 [ 20 , 26 ]\uff09\u7684\u9010\u6b65\u7814\u7a76\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u63a8\u52a8\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u9886\u57df\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u6700\u8fd1\uff0c<strong>\u57fa\u4e8e LLM \u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u5b66\u4e60\uff08ICL\uff09[8] \u548c\u5fae\u8c03\uff08FT\uff09[10] \u8303\u5f0f\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u6587\u672c\u5230 SQL \u7684\u8f6c\u6362<\/strong>\uff0c\u51ed\u501f\u7cbe\u5fc3\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u6846\u67b6\u548c\u6bd4 PLM \u66f4\u5f3a\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u8fbe\u5230\u4e86\u6700\u5148\u8fdb\u7684\u51c6\u786e\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u57fa\u4e8e LLM \u7684\u6587\u672c\u5230 SQL \u7684\u603b\u4f53\u5b9e\u73b0\u7ec6\u8282\u53ef\u5206\u4e3a\u4e09\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\uff1a<\/p>\n<p><strong>1\uff09\u95ee\u9898\u7406\u89e3<\/strong>\uff1aNL \u95ee\u9898\u662f\u7528\u6237\u610f\u56fe\u7684\u8bed\u4e49\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u76f8\u5e94\u751f\u6210\u7684 SQL \u67e5\u8be2\u5e94\u4e0e\u4e4b\u4fdd\u6301\u4e00\u81f4\uff1b<\/p>\n<p><strong>2\uff09\u6a21\u5f0f\u7406\u89e3<\/strong>\uff1a\u6a21\u5f0f\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u8868\u548c\u5217\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u6587\u672c\u5230 SQL \u7cfb\u7edf\u9700\u8981\u8bc6\u522b\u4e0e\u7528\u6237\u95ee\u9898\u76f8\u5339\u914d\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u7ec4\u4ef6\uff1b<\/p>\n<p><strong>3\uff09SQL \u751f\u6210<\/strong>\uff1a\u8fd9\u5305\u62ec\u7ed3\u5408\u4e0a\u8ff0\u89e3\u6790\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u9884\u6d4b\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\uff0c\u751f\u6210\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u7684 SQL \u67e5\u8be2\uff0c\u4ee5\u68c0\u7d22\u6240\u9700\u7684\u7b54\u6848\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u8bc1\u660e\uff0cLLMs \u53ef\u4ee5\u5f88\u597d\u5730\u5b9e\u73b0text-to-SQL \u529f\u80fd[7, 27]\uff0c\u8fd9\u5f97\u76ca\u4e8e\u66f4\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u8bad\u7ec3\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u6240\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u66f4\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u8bed\u4e49\u89e3\u6790\u80fd\u529b[28, 29]\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u589e\u5f3a LLMs \u7684\u95ee\u9898\u7406\u89e3[8, 9]\u3001\u6a21\u5f0f\u7406\u89e3[30, 31]\u548c SQL \u751f\u6210[32]\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7814\u7a76\u6b63\u65e5\u76ca\u589e\u591a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6587\u672c\u5230 SQL \u7684\u7814\u7a76\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u91cd\u5927\u8fdb\u5c55\uff0c\u4f46\u4ecd\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u6311\u6218\uff0c\u963b\u788d\u4e86\u7a33\u5065\u3001\u901a\u7528\u7684\u6587\u672c\u5230 SQL \u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5f00\u53d1 [ 73 ]\u3002\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u7814\u7a76\u5bf9\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d\u7684\u6587\u672c\u5230 SQL \u7cfb\u7edf\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u8c03\u67e5\uff0c\u5e76\u5bf9\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u57fa\u4e8e PLM \u7684\u7814\u7a76\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u89c1\u89e3\u3002\u5728\u672c\u8c03\u67e5\u62a5\u544a\u4e2d\u65e8\u5728\u8ffd\u8d76\u6700\u65b0\u8fdb\u5c55\uff0c\u5e76\u5bf9\u57fa\u4e8e LLM \u7684\u6587\u672c\u5230 SQL \u7684\u5f53\u524d\u6700\u65b0\u6a21\u578b\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u8fdb\u884c\u5168\u9762\u56de\u987e\u3002\u9996\u5148\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u4e0e\u6587\u672c\u5230 SQL \u76f8\u5173\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5\u548c\u6311\u6218\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u8fd9\u9879\u4efb\u52a1\u5728\u5404\u4e2a\u9886\u57df\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u8ba8\u6587\u672c\u5230 SQL \u7cfb\u7edf\u5b9e\u65bd\u8303\u4f8b\u7684\u6f14\u53d8\uff0c\u8ba8\u8bba\u8be5\u9886\u57df\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u8fdb\u5c55\u548c\u7a81\u7834\u3002\u6982\u8ff0\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u548c\u5206\u6790\u96c6\u6210 LLM \u7684\u6587\u672c\u5230 SQL \u7684\u6700\u65b0\u8fdb\u5c55\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u8c03\u67e5\u62a5\u544a\u6db5\u76d6\u4e86\u4e0e\u57fa\u4e8e LLM \u7684\u6587\u672c\u5230 SQL \u76f8\u5173\u7684\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\u25cf <strong>\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u548c\u57fa\u51c6<\/strong>\uff1a\u8be6\u7ec6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u7528\u4e8e\u8bc4\u4f30\u57fa\u4e8e LLM \u7684\u6587\u672c\u5230 SQL \u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5e38\u7528\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u548c\u57fa\u51c6\u3002\u672c\u6587\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u3001\u590d\u6742\u6027\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u4eec\u5bf9\u6587\u672c\u5230 SQL \u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u548c\u8bc4\u4f30\u5e26\u6765\u7684\u6311\u6218\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u25cf <strong>\u8bc4\u4f30\u6307\u6807<\/strong>\uff1a\u5c06\u4ecb\u7ecd\u7528\u4e8e\u8bc4\u4f30\u57fa\u4e8e LLM \u7684\u6587\u672c\u5230 SQL \u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u80fd\u7684\u8bc4\u4f30\u6307\u6807\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u57fa\u4e8e\u5185\u5bb9\u5339\u914d\u548c\u57fa\u4e8e\u6267\u884c\u7684\u8303\u4f8b\u3002\u7136\u540e\u7b80\u8981\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6307\u6807\u7684\u7279\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u25cf <strong>\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u6a21\u578b<\/strong>\uff1a\u672c\u6587\u5bf9\u57fa\u4e8e LLM \u7684\u6587\u672c\u5230 SQL \u6240\u91c7\u7528\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u6a21\u578b\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u7cfb\u7edf\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u57fa\u4e8e\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u5b66\u4e60\u548c\u5fae\u8c03\u7684\u8303\u4f8b\u3002\u4ece\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5b9e\u65bd\u89d2\u5ea6\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u5b9e\u65bd\u7ec6\u8282\u3001\u4f18\u52bf\u4ee5\u53ca\u9488\u5bf9\u6587\u672c\u5230 SQL \u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u9002\u5e94\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u25cf <strong>\u671f\u671b\u548c\u672a\u6765\u65b9\u5411<\/strong>\uff1a\u672c\u6587\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86\u57fa\u4e8e LLM \u7684\u6587\u672c\u5230 SQL \u7684\u5176\u4f59\u6311\u6218\u548c\u5c40\u9650\u6027\uff0c\u5982\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u9c81\u68d2\u6027\u3001\u8ba1\u7b97\u6548\u7387\u3001\u6570\u636e\u9690\u79c1\u548c\u6269\u5c55\u3002\u8fd8\u6982\u8ff0\u4e86\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u672a\u6765\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u5411\u4ee5\u53ca\u6539\u8fdb\u548c\u4f18\u5316\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><strong>\u6982\u8ff0<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Text-to-SQL \u662f\u4e00\u9879\u65e8\u5728\u5c06\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u95ee\u9898\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5173\u7cfb\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u6267\u884c\u7684\u76f8\u5e94 SQL \u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e0a\uff0c\u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u95ee\u9898 Q\uff08\u4e5f\u79f0\u4e3a\u7528\u6237\u67e5\u8be2\u3001\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u95ee\u9898\u7b49\uff09\u548c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u6a21\u5f0f S\uff0c\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u751f\u6210 SQL \u67e5\u8be2 Y\uff0c\u4ece\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u68c0\u7d22\u6240\u9700\u5185\u5bb9\u4ee5\u56de\u7b54\u7528\u6237\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u6587\u672c\u5230 SQL \u5141\u8bb8\u7528\u6237\u4f7f\u7528\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u4e0e\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4ea4\u4e92\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981 SQL \u7f16\u7a0b\u7684\u4e13\u4e1a\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u5b9e\u73b0\u6570\u636e\u8bbf\u95ee\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u5316 [75]\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u975e\u719f\u7ec3\u7528\u6237\u80fd\u591f\u8f7b\u677e\u5730\u4ece\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u68c0\u7d22\u76ee\u6807\u5185\u5bb9\u5e76\u4fc3\u8fdb\u66f4\u6709\u6548\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u8fd9\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u5546\u4e1a\u667a\u80fd\u3001\u5ba2\u6237\u652f\u6301\u548c\u79d1\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u7b49\u5404\u4e2a\u9886\u57df\u53d7\u76ca\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.kdjingpai.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/fd2616fe90574bf.png\" \/><\/p>\n<h4><strong>A.Text-to-SQL\u4e2d\u7684\u6311\u6218<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u6587\u672c\u5230 SQL \u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u6280\u672f\u6311\u6218\u53ef\u4ee5\u6982\u62ec\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>1\uff09<strong>\u8bed\u8a00\u590d\u6742\u6027\u548c\u6b67\u4e49\u6027<\/strong>\uff1a\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u95ee\u9898\u901a\u5e38\u5305\u542b\u590d\u6742\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5d4c\u5957\u5b50\u53e5\u3001\u5171\u6307\u548c\u7701\u7565\u53f7\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u5c06\u5b83\u4eec\u51c6\u786e\u5730\u6620\u5c04\u5230 SQL \u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u76f8\u5e94\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u5f88\u6709\u6311\u6218\u6027\u7684[41]\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u4e0d\u660e\u786e\u7684\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7684\u7528\u6237\u95ee\u9898\u6709\u591a\u79cd\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u8868\u793a[76, 77]\u3002\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6b67\u4e49\u5e76\u7406\u89e3\u7528\u6237\u95ee\u9898\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u610f\u56fe\u9700\u8981\u6df1\u5165\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u7406\u89e3\u4ee5\u53ca\u6574\u5408\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u548c\u9886\u57df\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u80fd\u529b[33]\u3002<\/p>\n<p>2\uff09<strong>\u6a21\u5f0f\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u8868\u793a<\/strong>\uff1a\u4e3a\u4e86\u751f\u6210\u51c6\u786e\u7684SQL\u67e5\u8be2\uff0c\u6587\u672c\u8f6cSQL\u7cfb\u7edf\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u6a21\u5f0f\u6709\u5168\u9762\u7684\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u8868\u540d\u3001\u5217\u540d\u4ee5\u53ca\u5404\u4e2a\u8868\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u6a21\u5f0f\u53ef\u80fd\u5f88\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u9886\u57df\u4e4b\u95f4\u5dee\u5f02\u5f88\u5927[13]\u3002\u4ee5\u6587\u672c\u5230 SQL \u6a21\u578b\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u6548\u5229\u7528\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u8868\u793a\u548c\u7f16\u7801\u6a21\u5f0f\u4fe1\u606f\u662f\u4e00\u9879\u5177\u6709\u6311\u6218\u6027\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n<p>3\uff09<strong>\u7f55\u89c1\u548c\u590d\u6742\u7684SQL\u64cd\u4f5c<\/strong>\uff1a\u4e00\u4e9bSQL\u67e5\u8be2\u5728\u5177\u6709\u6311\u6218\u6027\u7684\u573a\u666f\u4e2d\u6d89\u53ca\u7f55\u89c1\u6216\u590d\u6742\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u548c\u8bed\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5d4c\u5957\u5b50\u67e5\u8be2\u3001\u5916\u8fde\u63a5\u548c\u7a97\u53e3\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c\u5728\u8bad\u7ec3\u6570\u636e\u4e2d\u4e0d\u592a\u5e38\u89c1\uff0c\u5bf9\u6587\u672c\u5230 SQL \u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u51c6\u786e\u751f\u6210\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u6311\u6218\u3002\u8bbe\u8ba1\u53ef\u63a8\u5e7f\u5230\u5404\u79cd SQL \u64cd\u4f5c\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u7f55\u89c1\u548c\u590d\u6742\u573a\u666f\uff09\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u8003\u8651\u56e0\u7d20\u3002<\/p>\n<p>4\uff09<strong>\u8de8\u57df\u6cdb\u5316<\/strong>\uff1a\u6587\u672c\u5230 SQL \u7cfb\u7edf\u901a\u5e38\u5f88\u96be\u8de8\u5404\u79cd\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u573a\u666f\u548c\u57df\u8fdb\u884c\u6cdb\u5316\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u8bcd\u6c47\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u6a21\u5f0f\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u95ee\u9898\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u591a\u6837\u6027\uff0c\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u9886\u57df\u8bad\u7ec3\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u53ef\u80fd\u65e0\u6cd5\u5f88\u597d\u5730\u5904\u7406\u5176\u4ed6\u9886\u57df\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5f00\u53d1\u80fd\u591f\u4f7f\u7528\u6700\u5c11\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u9886\u57df\u8bad\u7ec3\u6570\u636e\u6216\u5fae\u8c03\u9002\u5e94\u6709\u6548\u63a8\u5e7f\u5230\u65b0\u9886\u57df\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u662f\u4e00\u9879\u91cd\u5927\u6311\u6218[78]\u3002<\/p>\n<h4><strong>B.\u8fdb\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u591a\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u6587\u672c\u5230 SQL \u7684\u7814\u7a76\u9886\u57df\u5728 NLP \u754c\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u957f\u8db3\u7684\u8fdb\u6b65\uff0c\u4ece\u57fa\u4e8e\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u53d1\u5c55\u5230\u57fa\u4e8e\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6700\u8fd1\u53c8\u53d1\u5c55\u5230\u96c6\u6210\u9884\u8bad\u7ec3\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b (PLM) \u548c\u5927\u578b\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b (LLM)\uff0c\u5176\u6f14\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7b80\u56fe\u5982\u56fe 2 \u6240\u793a\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>1) \u57fa\u4e8e\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5<\/strong>\uff1a\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u6587\u672c\u5230 SQL \u7cfb\u7edf\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u57fa\u4e8e\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5 [11, 12, 26]\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u7528\u4eba\u5de5\u5236\u5b9a\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u548c\u542f\u53d1\u5f0f\u65b9\u6cd5\u5c06\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u95ee\u9898\u6620\u5c04\u5230 SQL \u67e5\u8be2\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u901a\u5e38\u6d89\u53ca\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u5de5\u7a0b\u548c\u7279\u5b9a\u9886\u57df\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002\u867d\u7136\u57fa\u4e8e\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u9886\u57df\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5904\u7406\u5404\u79cd\u590d\u6742\u95ee\u9898\u6240\u9700\u7684\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u548c\u6cdb\u5316\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>2)<\/strong> <strong>\u57fa\u4e8e\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5<\/strong>\uff1a\u968f\u7740\u6df1\u5ea6\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u5174\u8d77\uff0c<strong>\u5e8f\u5217\u5230\u5e8f\u5217\u6a21\u578b\u548c\u7f16\u7801\u5668-\u89e3\u7801\u5668\u7ed3\u6784<\/strong>\uff08\u5982 LSTM [ 79] \u548c\u8f6c\u6362\u5668 [ 17 ]\uff09\u88ab\u7528\u4e8e\u4ece\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u8f93\u5165\u751f\u6210 SQL \u67e5\u8be2 [ 19 , 80 ]\u3002\u901a\u5e38\uff0cRYANSQL [19] \u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u4e2d\u95f4\u8868\u793a\u6cd5\u548c\u57fa\u4e8e\u8349\u56fe\u7684\u69fd\u586b\u5145\u7b49\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u4ee5\u5904\u7406\u590d\u6742\u95ee\u9898\u5e76\u63d0\u9ad8\u8de8\u9886\u57df\u901a\u7528\u6027\u3002\u6700\u8fd1\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u5229\u7528\u6a21\u5f0f\u4f9d\u8d56<strong>\u56fe\u6355\u6349\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5143\u7d20\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb<\/strong>\uff0c\u4e3a\u6587\u672c\u5230 SQL \u4efb\u52a1\u5f15\u5165\u4e86<strong>\u56fe\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc (GNN)<\/strong>[18,81]\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>3) \u57fa\u4e8e PLM \u7684\u5b9e\u65bd<\/strong>\uff1a\u9884\u8bad\u7ec3\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b\uff08PLM\uff09\u5229\u7528\u9884\u8bad\u7ec3\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u83b7\u53d6\u7684\u5927\u91cf\u8bed\u8a00\u77e5\u8bc6\u548c\u8bed\u4e49\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u5df2\u6210\u4e3a\u6587\u672c\u5230 SQL \u7684\u5f3a\u5927\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u3002PLM \u5728\u6587\u672c\u5230 SQL \u4e2d\u7684\u65e9\u671f\u5e94\u7528\u4e3b\u8981\u96c6\u4e2d\u4e8e\u5728\u6807\u51c6\u6587\u672c\u5230 SQL \u6570\u636e\u96c6\u4e0a\u5fae\u8c03\u73b0\u6210\u7684 PLM\uff0c\u5982 BERT [24] \u548c RoBERTa [82][13\uff0c14]\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b PLM \u5728\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u8bad\u7ec3\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u9884\u8bad\u7ec3\uff0c\u6355\u83b7\u4e86\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u8bed\u4e49\u8868\u5f81\u548c\u8bed\u8a00\u7406\u89e3\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u6587\u672c\u5230 SQL \u4efb\u52a1\u4e2d\u5bf9\u5b83\u4eec\u8fdb\u884c\u5fae\u8c03\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u65e8\u5728\u5229\u7528 PLM \u7684\u8bed\u4e49\u548c\u8bed\u8a00\u7406\u89e3\u80fd\u529b\u751f\u6210\u51c6\u786e\u7684 SQL \u67e5\u8be2 [ 20, 80, 83]\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u5411\u662f\u5c06\u6a21\u5f0f\u4fe1\u606f\u7eb3\u5165 PLM\uff0c\u4ee5\u6539\u8fdb\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u7528\u6237\u7406\u89e3\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5e76\u751f\u6210\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u6027\u66f4\u5f3a\u7684 SQL \u67e5\u8be2\u3002\u6a21\u5f0f\u611f\u77e5 PLM \u8bbe\u8ba1\u7528\u4e8e\u6355\u6349\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u548c\u7ea6\u675f[21]\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>4) \u57fa\u4e8e LLM \u7684\u5b9e\u73b0<\/strong>\uff1a\u5927\u578b\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u578b\uff08LLMs\uff09\uff0c\u5982 GPT \u7cfb\u5217 [ 84 -86 ]\uff0c\u56e0\u5176\u751f\u6210\u8fde\u8d2f\u6d41\u7545\u6587\u672c\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u800c\u5728\u8fd1\u51e0\u5e74\u5907\u53d7\u5173\u6ce8\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u5df2\u7ecf\u5f00\u59cb\u5229\u7528 LLMs \u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u50a8\u5907\u548c\u5353\u8d8a\u7684\u751f\u6210\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u63a2\u7d22\u6587\u672c\u5230 SQL \u7684\u6f5c\u529b[7, 9]\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u901a\u5e38\u6d89\u53ca\u5728 SQL \u751f\u6210\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6307\u5bfc\u4e13\u6709 LLM \u7684\u63d0\u793a\u5de5\u7a0b[47]\uff0c\u6216\u5728\u6587\u672c\u5230 SQL \u6570\u636e\u96c6\u4e0a\u5fae\u8c03\u5f00\u6e90 LLM[9]\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u6587\u672c\u5230 SQL \u4e2d\u6574\u5408 LLM \u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u5174\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u63a2\u7d22\u548c\u6539\u8fdb\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u6f5c\u529b\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u6b63\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u5982\u4f55\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u5229\u7528 LLM \u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u548c\u63a8\u7406\u80fd\u529b\u3001\u7ed3\u5408\u7279\u5b9a\u9886\u57df\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6 [31, 33 ]\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5f00\u53d1\u66f4\u9ad8\u6548\u7684\u5fae\u8c03\u7b56\u7565 [ 10 ]\u3002\u968f\u7740\u8be5\u9886\u57df\u7684\u4e0d\u65ad\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u9884\u8ba1\u5c06\u5f00\u53d1\u51fa\u66f4\u5148\u8fdb\u3001\u66f4\u4f18\u79c0\u7684\u57fa\u4e8e LLM \u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5c06\u6587\u672c\u5230 SQL \u7684\u6027\u80fd\u548c\u6cdb\u5316\u80fd\u529b\u63d0\u5347\u5230\u65b0\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n<h3><strong>\u57fa\u51c6\u4e0e\u8bc4\u4f30<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>\u5728\u672c\u8282\u4e2d\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u4ecb\u7ecd\u6587\u672c\u8f6c SQL \u7684\u57fa\u51c6\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4f17\u6240\u5468\u77e5\u7684\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u548c\u8bc4\u4f30\u6307\u6807\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.kdjingpai.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/ab9a68625be359b.png\" \/><\/p>\n<h4><strong>A.\u6570\u636e\u96c6<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u5982\u8868 I \u6240\u793a\uff0c\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u5206\u4e3a \u201c\u539f\u59cb\u6570\u636e\u96c6 \u201d\u548c \u201c\u6ce8\u91ca\u540e\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u201d\u3002\u6839\u636e\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u662f\u4e0e\u539f\u59cb\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u548c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e00\u8d77\u53d1\u5e03\u7684\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u73b0\u6709\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u548c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fdb\u884c\u7279\u6b8a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u800c\u521b\u5efa\u7684\uff0c\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u5206\u4e3a \u201c\u539f\u59cb\u6570\u636e\u96c6 \u201d\u548c \u201c\u6ce8\u91ca\u540e\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u201d\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u539f\u59cb\u6570\u636e\u96c6\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u8be6\u7ec6\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u793a\u4f8b\u6570\u91cf\u3001\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u6570\u91cf\u3001\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u8868\u6570\u91cf\u4ee5\u53ca\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u884c\u6570\u91cf\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7ecf\u8fc7\u6807\u6ce8\u7684\u6570\u636e\u96c6\uff0c\u786e\u5b9a\u4e86\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u6e90\u6570\u636e\u96c6\uff0c\u5e76\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u5bf9\u5b83\u4eec\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u8bf4\u660e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u7684\u6f5c\u5728\u673a\u4f1a\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u5176\u7279\u70b9\u5bf9\u5176\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u6ce8\u91ca\u3002\u6ce8\u91ca\u5217\u4e8e\u8868 I \u7684\u6700\u53f3\u4fa7\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u5c06\u8be6\u7ec6\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>1\uff09\u8de8\u9886\u57df\u6570\u636e\u96c6<\/strong>\uff1a\u6307\u4e0d\u540c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u4fe1\u606f\u6765\u81ea\u4e0d\u540c\u9886\u57df\u7684\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u6587\u672c\u5230 SQL \u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u901a\u5e38\u6d89\u53ca\u6765\u81ea\u591a\u4e2a\u9886\u57df\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5927\u591a\u6570\u539f\u59cb\u6587\u672c\u5230 SQL \u6570\u636e\u96c6 [13,14,33 \u2013 36] \u548c\u540e\u6ce8\u91ca\u6570\u636e\u96c6 [37 \u201343] \u5904\u4e8e\u4ea4\u53c9\u72b6\u6001- \u57df\u540d\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u5951\u5408\u8de8\u57df\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>2) \u77e5\u8bc6\u589e\u5f3a\u6570\u636e\u96c6<\/strong>\uff1a\u8fd1\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u5c06\u7279\u5b9a\u9886\u57df\u77e5\u8bc6\u7eb3\u5165\u6587\u672c\u5230 SQL \u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u5174\u8da3\u663e\u8457\u589e\u52a0\u3002BIRD [ 33 ] \u5229\u7528\u4eba\u7c7b\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e13\u5bb6\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u6587\u672c\u5230 SQL \u6837\u672c\u6ce8\u91ca\u5916\u90e8\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u4e3a\u6570\u5b57\u63a8\u7406\u77e5\u8bc6\u3001\u9886\u57df\u77e5\u8bc6\u3001\u540c\u4e49\u8bcd\u77e5\u8bc6\u548c\u4ef7\u503c\u8bf4\u660e\u3002\u7c7b\u4f3c\u5730\uff0cSpider-DK [ 39] \u4e3a\u4eba\u5de5\u7f16\u8f91\u7248\u672c\u7684Spider\u6570\u636e\u96c6[13]\uff1aSELECT\u5217\u88ab\u7701\u7565\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u63a8\u7406\uff0c\u5355\u5143\u683c\u503c\u8bcd\u4e2d\u7684\u540c\u4e49\u8bcd\u66ff\u6362\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u975e\u5355\u5143\u683c\u503c\u8bcd\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5bb9\u6613\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u57df\u51b2\u7a81\u3002\u4e24\u9879\u7814\u7a76\u90fd\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u4eba\u5de5\u6ce8\u91ca\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\u663e\u7740\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u9700\u8981\u5916\u90e8\u9886\u57df\u77e5\u8bc6\u7684\u6837\u672c\u7684 SQL \u751f\u6210\u6027\u80fd\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0cSQUALL [44] \u624b\u52a8\u6ce8\u91ca NL \u95ee\u9898\u4e2d\u7684\u5355\u8bcd\u4e0e SQL \u4e2d\u7684\u5b9e\u4f53\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5bf9\u9f50\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u6bd4\u5176\u4ed6\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u66f4\u7ec6\u7c92\u5ea6\u7684\u76d1\u7763\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>3\uff09\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u6570\u636e\u96c6<\/strong>\uff1aSParC [43]\u548cCoSQL [35]\u901a\u8fc7\u6784\u5efa\u4f1a\u8bdd\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u67e5\u8be2\u7cfb\u7edf\u6765\u63a2\u7d22\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u76f8\u5173\u7684SQL\u751f\u6210\u3002\u4e0e\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u6587\u672c\u5230 SQL \u6570\u636e\u96c6\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u7684\u5355\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898 SQL \u5bf9\u4e0d\u540c\uff0cSParC \u5c06 Spider \u6570\u636e\u96c6\u4e2d\u7684\u95ee\u9898 SQL \u793a\u4f8b\u5206\u89e3\u4e3a\u591a\u4e2a\u5b50\u95ee\u9898 SQL \u5bf9\uff0c\u4ee5\u6784\u5efa\u6a21\u62df\u4e14\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e SQL \u751f\u6210\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u5173\u8054\u7684\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u589e\u5f3a\u6570\u636e\u591a\u6837\u6027\u7684\u4e0d\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0cCoSQL \u6d89\u53ca\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u5bf9\u8bdd\u4ea4\u4e92\uff0c\u6a21\u62df\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u573a\u666f\u4ee5\u589e\u52a0\u590d\u6742\u6027\u548c\u591a\u6837\u6027\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0cSpider-SS&amp;CG[38]\u5c06Spider\u6570\u636e\u96c6[13]\u4e2d\u7684NL\u95ee\u9898\u62c6\u5206\u4e3a\u591a\u4e2a\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u548c\u5b50SQL\uff0c\u8bc1\u660e\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5b50\u793a\u4f8b\u8fdb\u884c\u8bad\u7ec3\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u6587\u672c\u5230SQL\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6cdb\u5316\u80fd\u529b\u5206\u5e03\u6837\u672c\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>4) \u7a33\u5065\u6027\u6570\u636e\u96c6<\/strong>\uff1a\u5728\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5185\u5bb9\uff08\u5982\u6a21\u5f0f\u548c\u8868\uff09\u53d7\u5230\u6c61\u67d3\u6216\u6270\u4e71\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u8bc4\u4f30\u6587\u672c\u5230 SQL \u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u51c6\u786e\u6027\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8bc4\u4f30\u9c81\u68d2\u6027\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002Spider-Realistic [ 41] \u4ece NL \u95ee\u9898\u4e2d\u5220\u9664\u4e86\u660e\u786e\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u76f8\u5173\u8bcd\u6c47\uff0c\u800c Spider-SYN [ 40] \u5219\u7528\u4eba\u5de5\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u540c\u4e49\u8bcd\u66ff\u6362\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bcd\u6c47\u3002ADVETA [ 37 ] \u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u5bf9\u6297\u6027\u8868\u6270\u52a8\uff08adversarial table perturbation\uff0cATP\uff09\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u7528\u8bef\u5bfc\u6027\u66ff\u4ee3\u8bcd\u66ff\u6362\u539f\u59cb\u5217\u540d\uff0c\u5e76\u63d2\u5165\u8bed\u4e49\u5173\u8054\u5ea6\u9ad8\u4f46\u8bed\u4e49\u7b49\u4ef7\u6027\u4f4e\u7684\u65b0\u5217\u6765\u6270\u52a8\u8868\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6270\u52a8\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u51c6\u786e\u7387\u5927\u5e45\u4e0b\u964d\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u9c81\u68d2\u6027\u8f83\u4f4e\u7684\u6587\u672c\u5230 SQL \u7cfb\u7edf\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u88ab NL \u95ee\u9898\u4e2d\u7684\u6807\u8bb0\u4e0e\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5b9e\u4f53\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u5339\u914d\u6240\u8bef\u5bfc\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>5) \u8de8\u8bed\u8a00\u6570\u636e\u96c6<\/strong>\uff1aSQL \u5173\u952e\u5b57\u3001\u51fd\u6570\u540d\u3001\u8868\u540d\u548c\u5217\u540d\u901a\u5e38\u4ee5\u82f1\u6587\u4e66\u5199\uff0c\u8fd9\u7ed9\u5176\u4ed6\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u6311\u6218\u3002CSpider [ 42 ] \u5c06 Spider \u6570\u636e\u96c6\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6210\u4e2d\u6587\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u5355\u8bcd\u5206\u5272\u548c\u4e2d\u6587\u95ee\u9898\u4e0e\u82f1\u6587\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5185\u5bb9\u4e4b\u95f4\u8de8\u8bed\u8a00\u5339\u914d\u7684\u65b0\u6311\u6218\u3002DuSQL [34] \u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b9e\u7528\u7684\u6587\u672c\u5230 SQL \u6570\u636e\u96c6\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u4e2d\u6587\u95ee\u9898\u548c\u4e2d\u82f1\u6587\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5185\u5bb9\u3002<\/p>\n<h4><strong>B.\u8bc4\u6d4b\u6307\u6807<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u4e3a\u6587\u672c\u5230 SQL \u4efb\u52a1\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u4ee5\u4e0b\u56db\u79cd\u5e7f\u6cdb\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u8bc4\u4f30\u6307\u6807\uff1a\u57fa\u4e8e SQL \u5185\u5bb9\u5339\u914d\u7684 \u201c\u7ec4\u4ef6\u5339\u914d \u201d\u548c \u201c\u7cbe\u786e\u5339\u914d\u201d\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u57fa\u4e8e\u6267\u884c\u7ed3\u679c\u7684 \u201c\u6267\u884c\u51c6\u786e\u6027 \u201d\u548c \u201c\u6709\u6548\u6548\u7387\u5206\u6570\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>1) \u57fa\u4e8e\u5185\u5bb9\u5339\u914d\u7684\u6307\u6807<\/strong>\uff1aSQL \u5185\u5bb9\u5339\u914d\u5ea6\u91cf\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u6839\u636e\u9884\u6d4b\u7684 SQL \u67e5\u8be2\u4e0e\u57fa\u672c\u771f\u5b9e SQL \u67e5\u8be2\u5728\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u8bed\u6cd5\u4e0a\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\u8fdb\u884c\u6bd4\u8f83\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u7ec4\u4ef6\u5339\u914d\uff08CM\uff09<\/strong>[13] \u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528 F1 \u5206\u6570\u6d4b\u91cf\u9884\u6d4b SQL \u7ec4\u4ef6\uff08SELECT\u3001WHERE\u3001GROUP BY\u3001ORDER BY \u548c KEYWORDS\uff09\u4e0e\u771f\u5b9e SQL \u7ec4\u4ef6\uff08GROUP BY\u3001ORDER BY \u548c KEYWORDS\uff09\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7cbe\u786e\u5339\u914d\uff0c\u8bc4\u4f30\u6587\u672c\u5230 SQL \u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u3002\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7ec4\u4ef6\u88ab\u5206\u89e3\u4e3a\u82e5\u5e72\u5b50\u7ec4\u4ef6\u96c6\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u8003\u8651\u65e0\u987a\u5e8f\u9650\u5236\u7684 SQL \u7ec4\u4ef6\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6bd4\u8f83\u662f\u5426\u5b8c\u5168\u5339\u914d\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u7cbe\u786e\u5339\u914d\uff08EM<\/strong>\uff09[ 13] \u6d4b\u91cf\u7684\u662f\u9884\u6d4b SQL \u67e5\u8be2\u4e0e\u5730\u9762\u5b9e\u51b5 SQL \u67e5\u8be2\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u767e\u5206\u6bd4\u3002\u9884\u6d4b\u7684 SQL \u67e5\u8be2\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u5176\u6240\u6709\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\uff08\u5982 CM \u4e2d\u6240\u8ff0\uff09\u4e0e\u5730\u9762\u5b9e\u51b5\u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u5b8c\u5168\u5339\u914d\u65f6\uff0c\u624d\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>2\uff09\u57fa\u4e8e\u6267\u884c\u7684\u6307\u6807<\/strong>\uff1a\u6267\u884c\u7ed3\u679c\u6307\u6807\u901a\u8fc7\u6bd4\u8f83\u5728\u76ee\u6807\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e0a\u6267\u884c\u67e5\u8be2\u6240\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u4e0e\u9884\u671f\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u6765\u8bc4\u4f30\u751f\u6210\u7684 SQL \u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u6267\u884c\u51c6\u786e\u5ea6\uff08EX\uff09<\/strong>[13] \u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u76f8\u5e94\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u6267\u884c\u9884\u6d4b\u7684 SQL \u67e5\u8be2\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u6267\u884c\u7ed3\u679c\u4e0e\u57fa\u672c\u771f\u5b9e\u67e5\u8be2\u6240\u83b7\u7ed3\u679c\u8fdb\u884c\u6bd4\u8f83\uff0c\u6765\u8861\u91cf\u8be5\u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u6709\u6548\u6548\u7387\u5206\u6570\uff08VES\uff09<\/strong>[33] \u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u662f\u6d4b\u91cf\u6709\u6548 SQL \u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u6548\u7387\u3002\u6709\u6548 SQL \u67e5\u8be2\u662f\u6307\u6267\u884c\u7ed3\u679c\u4e0e\u57fa\u672c\u771f\u5b9e\u7ed3\u679c\u5b8c\u5168\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u9884\u6d4b SQL \u67e5\u8be2\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u6765\u8bf4\uff0cVES \u540c\u65f6\u8bc4\u4f30<strong>\u9884\u6d4b SQL \u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u6548\u7387\u548c\u51c6\u786e\u6027<\/strong>\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5305\u542b N \u4e2a\u793a\u4f8b\u7684\u6587\u672c\u6570\u636e\u96c6\uff0cVES \u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u516c\u5f0f\u4e3a\uff1a<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.kdjingpai.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/b19c4e835b7e233.png\" \/><\/p>\n<p>R\uff08Y_n, Y_n\uff09\u8868\u793a\u9884\u6d4b\u7684 SQL \u67e5\u8be2\u4e0e\u771f\u5b9e\u67e5\u8be2\u76f8\u6bd4\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u6267\u884c\u6548\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.kdjingpai.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/5ef0ad3ba36ebec.png\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u6700\u8fd1\u5927\u591a\u6570\u57fa\u4e8e LLM \u7684\u6587\u672c\u5230 SQL \u7814\u7a76\u90fd\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u8fd9\u56db\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u96c6\uff1aSpider [13]\u3001Spider-Realistic [41]\u3001Spider-SYN [40] \u548c BIRD [33]\uff1b\u800c\u8fd9\u4e09\u79cd\u8bc4\u4f30\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1aEM\u3001EX\u3001VES\uff0c\u5728\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u5206\u6790\u4e2d\u5c06\u91cd\u70b9\u5173\u6ce8\u8fd9\u4e09\u79cd\u8bc4\u4f30\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><strong>\u65b9\u6cd5<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>\u5f53\u524d\u57fa\u4e8eLLM\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e3b\u8981\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u5b66\u4e60\uff08ICL\uff09\uff08\u5373\u65f6\u5de5\u7a0b\uff09[87-89]\u548c\u5fae\u8c03\uff08FT\uff09[90,91]\u8303\u5f0f\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u4e13\u6709\u6a21\u578b\u548c\u67b6\u6784\u826f\u597d\u7684\u5f00\u6e90\u6a21\u578b\u6b63\u5728\u5927\u91cf\u53d1\u5e03[45,86,92-95]\u3002\u57fa\u4e8e LLM \u7684\u6587\u672c\u5230 SQL \u7cfb\u7edf\u9075\u5faa\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8303\u4f8b\u8fdb\u884c\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u5728\u672c\u6b21\u8c03\u67e5\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c06\u76f8\u5e94\u5730\u8ba8\u8bba\u5b83\u4eec\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.kdjingpai.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/95321336d21a79c.png\" \/><\/p>\n<h4><strong>A.<\/strong> \u00a0 \u00a0 <strong>\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u5b66\u4e60<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.kdjingpai.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/53c2bcbee2dcbfe.png\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u901a\u8fc7\u5e7f\u6cdb\u548c\u516c\u8ba4\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u63d0\u793a\u5de5\u7a0b\u5df2\u88ab\u8bc1\u660e\u5bf9 LLM \u7684\u6027\u80fd\u8d77\u7740\u51b3\u5b9a\u6027\u4f5c\u7528 [28 , 96 ]\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u5f71\u54cd\u7740\u4e0d\u540c\u63d0\u793a\u98ce\u683c\u4e0b\u7684 SQL \u751f\u6210 [9 , 46]\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u5b66\u4e60\uff08ICL\uff09\u8303\u4f8b\u4e2d\u5f00\u53d1\u6587\u672c\u5230 SQL \u65b9\u6cd5\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5b9e\u73b0\u6709\u5e0c\u671b\u7684\u6539\u8fdb\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\u3002\u751f\u6210\u53ef\u6267\u884c SQL \u67e5\u8be2 Y \u7684\u57fa\u4e8e LLM \u7684\u6587\u672c\u5230 SQL \u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u53ef\u8868\u8ff0\u4e3a\uff1a<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.kdjingpai.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/76479adc25a45b1.png\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u5b66\u4e60\uff08ICL\uff09\u8303\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u73b0\u6210\u7684\u6587\u672c\u5230 SQL \u6a21\u578b\uff08\u5373\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u53c2\u6570 \u03b8 \u88ab\u51bb\u7ed3\uff09\u6765\u751f\u6210\u9884\u6d4b\u7684 SQL \u67e5\u8be2\u3002\u57fa\u4e8e LLM \u7684\u6587\u672c\u5230 SQL \u4efb\u52a1\u91c7\u7528\u4e86 ICL \u8303\u5f0f\u4e2d\u5404\u79cd\u7cbe\u5fc3\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u5c06\u5b83\u4eec\u5206\u4e3a C0:4 \u4e94\u7c7b\uff0c\u5305\u62ec C0-\u7b80\u5355\u63d0\u793a\u3001C1-\u5206\u89e3\u3001C2-\u63d0\u793a\u4f18\u5316\u3001C3-\u63a8\u7406\u589e\u5f3a\u548c C4-\u6267\u884c\u7ec6\u5316\u3002\u8868 II \u5217\u51fa\u4e86\u5404\u7c7b\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>C0-Trivial Prompt<\/strong>\uff1a\u901a\u8fc7\u6d77\u91cf\u6570\u636e\u7684\u8bad\u7ec3\uff0cLLM \u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4e0b\u6e38\u4efb\u52a1\u4e2d\u5bf9\u96f6\u6837\u672c\u548c\u5c11\u91cf\u7684\u63d0\u793a\u5177\u6709\u5f88\u5f3a\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u719f\u7ec3\u5ea6 [90 , 97, 98 ]\uff0c\u8fd9\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u8ba4\u53ef\u548c\u5e94\u7528\u3002\u5728\u8c03\u67e5\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c06\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6ca1\u6709\u7cbe\u5fc3\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6846\u67b6\u7684\u63d0\u793a\u65b9\u6cd5\u5f52\u7c7b\u4e3a\u7410\u788e\u63d0\u793a\uff08\u865a\u5047\u63d0\u793a\u5de5\u7a0b\uff09\u3002\u5982\u4e0a\u6587\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u5f0f 3 \u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u57fa\u4e8e LLM \u7684\u6587\u672c\u5230 SQL \u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5b83\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8868\u793a\u96f6\u6837\u672c\u63d0\u793a\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8fde\u63a5 I\u3001S \u548c Q\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230\u6574\u4f53\u8f93\u5165 P0\uff1a<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.kdjingpai.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/c3d4347242882ab.png\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u89c4\u8303\u63d0\u793a\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0cOpenAI demo2 \u88ab\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e3a\u6587\u672c\u8f6c SQL \u7684\u6807\u51c6\uff08\u7b80\u5355\uff09\u63d0\u793a [30]\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u96f6\u6837\u672c<\/strong>\uff1a\u8bb8\u591a\u7814\u7a76\u5de5\u4f5c[7,27,46]\u5229\u7528\u96f6\u6837\u672c\u63d0\u793a\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u7814\u7a76\u63d0\u793a\u6784\u9020\u98ce\u683c\u548c\u5404\u79cdLLM\u5bf9\u6587\u672c\u5230SQL\u7684\u96f6\u6837\u672c\u6027\u80fd\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u9879\u5b9e\u8bc1\u8bc4\u4f30\uff0c[7] \u8bc4\u4f30\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u65e9\u671f\u5f00\u53d1\u7684 LLM [85\u300199\u3001100] \u7684\u57fa\u7ebf\u6587\u672c\u5230 SQL \u529f\u80fd\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e0d\u540c\u63d0\u793a\u98ce\u683c\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u3002\u7ed3\u679c\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5373\u65f6\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6027\u80fd\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u9519\u8bef\u5206\u6790\uff0c[7]\u63d0\u51fa\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5185\u5bb9\u4f1a\u635f\u5bb3\u6574\u4f53\u51c6\u786e\u6027\u3002\u7531\u4e8e <a href=\"https:\/\/www.kdjingpai.com\/chatgpt-6\/\">ChatGPT<\/a> \u5728\u5bf9\u8bdd\u573a\u666f\u548c\u4ee3\u7801\u751f\u6210\u65b9\u9762\u5177\u6709\u4ee4\u4eba\u5370\u8c61\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u529f\u80fd [101]\uff0c[27] \u8bc4\u4f30\u4e86\u5176\u6587\u672c\u5230 SQL \u7684\u6027\u80fd\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u96f6\u6837\u672c\u8bbe\u7f6e\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u4e0e\u6700\u5148\u8fdb\u7684\u57fa\u4e8e PLM \u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0cChatGPT \u5177\u6709\u4ee4\u4eba\u9f13\u821e\u7684\u6587\u672c\u5230 SQL \u6027\u80fd\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u516c\u5e73\u53ef\u6bd4\u6027\uff0c[47]\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u57fa\u4e8eLLM\u7684\u6587\u672c\u5230SQL\u7684\u6709\u6548\u63d0\u793a\u6784\u9020\uff1b\u4ed6\u4eec\u7814\u7a76\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u98ce\u683c\u7684\u63d0\u793a\u6784\u9020\uff0c\u5e76\u6839\u636e\u6bd4\u8f83\u5f97\u51fa\u4e86\u96f6\u6837\u672c\u63d0\u793a\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e3b\u952e\u548c\u5916\u952e\u643a\u5e26\u4e0d\u540c\u8868\u7684\u8fde\u7eed\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002[49]\u7814\u7a76\u4e86\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u952e\u7eb3\u5165\u4e0d\u540c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u63d0\u793a\u6837\u5f0f\u4e2d\uff0c\u5206\u6790\u96f6\u6837\u672c\u63d0\u793a\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u4e00\u9879\u57fa\u51c6\u8bc4\u4f30[9]\u4e5f\u7814\u7a76\u4e86\u5916\u952e\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6709\u4e94\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u63d0\u793a\u8868\u793a\u98ce\u683c\uff0c\u6bcf\u79cd\u98ce\u683c\u90fd\u53ef\u89c6\u4e3a\u6307\u4ee4\u3001\u89c4\u5219\u542b\u4e49\u548c\u5916\u952e\u7684\u6392\u5217\u7ec4\u5408\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u5916\u952e\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u672c\u7814\u7a76\u8fd8\u63a2\u7d22\u4e86\u96f6\u6837\u672c\u63d0\u793a\u4e0e \u201c\u65e0\u89e3\u91ca \u201d\u89c4\u5219\u6697\u793a\u76f8\u7ed3\u5408\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4ee5\u6536\u96c6\u7b80\u6d01\u7684\u8f93\u51fa\u3002\u5728\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e13\u5bb6\u5916\u90e8\u77e5\u8bc6\u6ce8\u91ca\u7684\u652f\u6301\u4e0b\uff0c[33 ]\u6cbf\u7528\u4e86\u6807\u51c6\u63d0\u793a\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u7ed3\u5408\u6240\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u6ce8\u91ca\u7532\u9aa8\u6587\u77e5\u8bc6\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u6539\u8fdb\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u968f\u7740\u5f00\u6e90 LLM \u7684\u7206\u70b8\u5f0f\u589e\u957f\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u8bc4\u4f30\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6a21\u578b\u4e5f\u80fd\u591f\u80dc\u4efb\u96f6\u6837\u672c\u6587\u672c\u5230 SQL \u7684\u4efb\u52a1[45, 46, 50]\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u4ee3\u7801\u751f\u6210\u6a21\u578b[46, 48]\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u96f6\u6837\u672c\u63d0\u793a\u4f18\u5316\uff0c[46] \u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e3a LLMs \u8bbe\u8ba1\u6709\u6548\u63d0\u793a\u6a21\u677f\u7684\u6311\u6218\uff1b\u4ee5\u524d\u7684\u63d0\u793a\u6784\u9020\u7f3a\u4e4f\u7ed3\u6784\u7edf\u4e00\u6027\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u5f88\u96be\u627e\u51fa\u63d0\u793a\u6784\u9020\u6a21\u677f\u4e2d\u5f71\u54cd LLMs \u6027\u80fd\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u5143\u7d20\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e00\u96be\u9898\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7814\u7a76\u4e86\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u66f4\u52a0\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u63d0\u793a\u6a21\u677f\uff0c\u5e76\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u524d\u7f00\u3001\u540e\u7f00\u548c\u524d\u540e\u7f00\u8fdb\u884c\u8c03\u6574\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5c11\u91cf\u63d0\u793a<\/strong>\uff1a\u5c11\u91cf\u63d0\u793a\u6280\u672f\u5728\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u548c\u7cbe\u5fc3\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u90fd\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u5b83\u5df2\u88ab\u8bc1\u660e\u80fd\u6709\u6548\u5730\u63d0\u9ad8 LLM \u7684\u6027\u80fd [ 28 , 102 ]\u3002\u57fa\u4e8e LLM \u7684\u6587\u672c\u5230 SQL \u7684\u5c11\u91cf\u63d0\u793a\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u8f93\u5165\u63d0\u793a\u53ef\u8868\u8ff0\u4e3a\u516c\u5f0f 3 \u7684\u6269\u5c55\uff1a<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.kdjingpai.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/bbcc2483ecf6dea.png\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5b9e\u8bc1\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u9488\u5bf9\u6587\u672c\u5230 SQL \u7684\u5c11\u6570\u51e0\u6b21\u63d0\u793a\u5728\u591a\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u548c\u5404\u79cd LLM \u4e2d\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u8bc4\u4f30 [8 , 32]\uff0c\u5728\u4e0e\u96f6\u6837\u672c\u63d0\u793a\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83\u4e2d\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u4e86\u826f\u597d\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u3002[33] \u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u6b21\u89e6\u53d1\u6587\u672c\u5230 SQL \u6a21\u578b\u4ee5\u751f\u6210\u51c6\u786e SQL \u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u793a\u4f8b\u3002[55] \u7814\u7a76\u4e86\u5c11\u91cf\u793a\u4f8b\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002[52] \u901a\u8fc7\u7814\u7a76\u4e0d\u540c\u793a\u4f8b\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\u548c\u591a\u6837\u6027\uff0c\u5c06\u968f\u673a\u62bd\u6837\u8bbe\u4e3a\u57fa\u51c6\uff0c\u5e76\u8bc4\u4f30\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7b56\u7565 8 \u53ca\u5176\u7ec4\u5408\u8fdb\u884c\u6bd4\u8f83\uff0c\u91cd\u70b9\u5173\u6ce8\u62bd\u6837\u7b56\u7565\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5728\u57fa\u4e8e\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u4e4b\u4e0a\uff0c[9]\u8bc4\u4f30\u4e86\u63a9\u853d\u95ee\u9898\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\u9009\u62e9\u548c\u5177\u6709\u5404\u79cd\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u5c11\u6837\u672c\u793a\u4f8b\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u4e0a\u9650\u3002\u56f0\u96be\u7ea7\u522b\u6837\u672c\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u7814\u7a76 [51] \u5c06\u5c0f\u6837\u672c Codex [100] \u7684\u6027\u80fd\u4e0e\u96be\u5ea6\u5206\u7c7b\u6570\u636e\u96c6 [13, 41] \u4e0a\u7684\u5c0f\u6837\u672c\u5b9e\u4f8b\u7684\u968f\u673a\u9009\u62e9\u548c\u57fa\u4e8e\u96be\u5ea6\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u6bd4\u8f83\u3002\u6839\u636e\u4e0d\u540c\u96be\u5ea6\u7ea7\u522b\u7684\u6240\u9009\u6837\u672c\u6570\u91cf\uff0c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e86\u4e09\u79cd\u57fa\u4e8e\u96be\u5ea6\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u7b56\u7565\u3002[49]\u5229\u7528\u6df7\u5408\u7b56\u7565\u6765\u9009\u62e9\u6837\u672c\uff0c\u8be5\u7b56\u7565\u7ed3\u5408\u4e86\u9759\u6001\u793a\u4f8b\u548c\u57fa\u4e8e\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u793a\u4f8b\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u5c11\u91cf\u63d0\u793a\u3002\u5728\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u8fd8\u8bc4\u4f30\u4e0d\u540c\u8f93\u5165\u6a21\u5f0f\u6837\u5f0f\u4ee5\u53ca\u5404\u79cd\u9759\u6001\u548c\u52a8\u6001\u6837\u672c\u6570\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8de8\u57df\u5c11\u91cf\u793a\u4f8b\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u4e5f\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u4e4b\u4e2d [54 ]\u3002\u5f53\u7eb3\u5165\u4e0d\u540c\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u57df\u5185\u548c\u57df\u5916\u793a\u4f8b\u65f6\uff0c\u57df\u5185\u793a\u4f8b\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u4f18\u4e8e\u96f6\u6b21\u793a\u4f8b\u548c\u57df\u5916\u793a\u4f8b\uff0c<strong>\u968f\u7740\u793a\u4f8b\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u57df\u5185\u793a\u4f8b\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u4e5f\u4f1a\u66f4\u597d<\/strong>\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u63a2\u7d22\u8f93\u5165\u63d0\u793a\u7684\u8be6\u7ec6\u6784\u9020\uff0c[53] \u6bd4\u8f83\u4e86\u7b80\u6d01\u63d0\u793a\u548c\u5197\u957f\u63d0\u793a\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u524d\u8005\u5c06\u6a21\u5f0f\u3001\u5217\u540d\u3001\u4e3b\u952e\u548c\u5916\u952e\u6309\u6761\u62c6\u5206\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u5219\u5c06\u5176\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e3a\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>C1-Decomposition<\/strong>\uff1a\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u76f4\u89c2\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u5c06\u5177\u6709\u6311\u6218\u6027\u7684\u7528\u6237\u95ee\u9898\u5206\u89e3\u4e3a\u66f4\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u6216\u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u7ec4\u4ef6\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u964d\u4f4e\u6574\u4e2a\u6587\u672c\u5230 SQL \u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027 [8\uff0c51]\u3002\u5904\u7406\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u8f83\u4f4e\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0cLLM \u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u751f\u6210\u66f4\u51c6\u786e\u7684 SQL\u3002\u57fa\u4e8e LLM \u7684\u6587\u672c\u5230 SQL \u7684\u5206\u89e3\u65b9\u6cd5\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u79cd\u8303\u5f0f\uff1a<strong>(1) \u5b50\u4efb\u52a1\u5206\u89e3<\/strong>\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u6574\u4e2a\u6587\u672c\u5230 SQL \u4efb\u52a1\u5206\u89e3\u4e3a\u66f4\u6613\u4e8e\u7ba1\u7406\u7684\u6709\u6548\u5b50\u4efb\u52a1\uff08\u5982\u6a21\u5f0f\u94fe\u63a5 [71 ]\u3001\u57df\u5206\u7c7b [54 ]\uff09\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u989d\u5916\u7684\u89e3\u6790\u4ee5\u534f\u52a9\u6700\u7ec8 SQL \u751f\u6210\u3002<strong>(2) \u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u5206\u89e3<\/strong>\uff1a\u5c06\u7528\u6237\u95ee\u9898\u5206\u89e3\u4e3a\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4ee5\u964d\u4f4e\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u590d\u6742\u5ea6\u548c\u96be\u5ea6\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u901a\u8fc7\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u751f\u6210\u5b50 SQL\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u63a8\u5bfc\u51fa\u6700\u7ec8\u7684 SQL \u67e5\u8be2\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>DIN-SQL<\/strong>[8]\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u5206\u89e3\u5f0f\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u5b66\u4e60\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u56db\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\uff1a\u6a21\u5f0f\u94fe\u63a5\u3001\u5206\u7c7b\u4e0e\u5206\u89e3\u3001SQL\u751f\u6210\u548c\u81ea\u6211\u4fee\u6b63\u3002DIN-SQL \u9996\u5148\u751f\u6210\u7528\u6237\u95ee\u9898\u4e0e\u76ee\u6807\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u94fe\u63a5\uff1b\u968f\u540e\u7684\u6a21\u5757\u5c06\u7528\u6237\u95ee\u9898\u5206\u89e3\u4e3a\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5e76\u8fdb\u884c\u96be\u5ea6\u5206\u7c7b\u3002\u6839\u636e\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4fe1\u606f\uff0cSQL \u751f\u6210\u6a21\u5757\u751f\u6210\u76f8\u5e94\u7684 SQL\uff0c\u81ea\u6821\u6b63\u6a21\u5757\u8bc6\u522b\u5e76\u7ea0\u6b63\u9884\u6d4b SQL \u4e2d\u7684\u6f5c\u5728\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u5c06\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u5206\u89e3\u89c6\u4e3a\u5b50\u4efb\u52a1\u5206\u89e3\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u5757\u3002Coder-Reviewer[56]\u6846\u67b6\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u91cd\u65b0\u6392\u5e8f\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5c06\u751f\u6210\u6307\u4ee4\u7684Coder\u6a21\u578b\u548c\u8bc4\u4f30\u6307\u4ee4\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u7684Reviewer\u6a21\u578b\u7ed3\u5408\u8d77\u6765\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u53c2\u8003Chain-of-Thought[103]\u548cLeast-to-Most\u63d0\u793a[104]\uff0c<strong>QDecomp<\/strong>[51]\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u95ee\u9898\u5206\u89e3\u63d0\u793a\uff0c\u5b83\u9075\u5faa\u4eceleast-to-most\u63d0\u793a\u4e2d\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u8fd8\u539f\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u5e76\u6307\u793aLLM\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u89e3\u539f\u59cb\u590d\u6742\u95ee\u9898\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e2d\u95f4\u63a8\u7406\u6b65\u9aa4<\/p>\n<p><strong>C3<\/strong> [ 30 ] \u7531\u4e09\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u90e8\u5206\u7ec4\u6210\uff1a\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u63d0\u793a\u3001\u6821\u51c6\u504f\u5dee\u63d0\u793a\u548c\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\uff1b\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90e8\u5206\u901a\u8fc7\u4e3a ChatGPT \u5206\u914d\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u6e05\u6670\u63d0\u793a\u7ec4\u4ef6\u751f\u6210\u6a21\u5f0f\u94fe\u63a5\u548c\u7ecf\u8fc7\u63d0\u70bc\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u76f8\u5173\u6a21\u5f0f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6e05\u6670\u63d0\u793a\u3002\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u6709\u5173\u6587\u672c\u5230 SQL \u63d0\u793a\u7684\u591a\u8f6e\u5bf9\u8bdd\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6821\u51c6\u504f\u5dee\u63d0\u793a\uff0c\u4e0e\u6e05\u6670\u63d0\u793a\u76f8\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u6307\u5bfc SQL \u751f\u6210\u3002\u751f\u6210\u7684 SQL \u67e5\u8be2\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u548c\u57fa\u4e8e\u6267\u884c\u7684\u6295\u7968\u8fdb\u884c\u7b5b\u9009\uff0c\u4ee5\u83b7\u5f97\u6700\u7ec8\u7684 SQL\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>MAC-SQL<\/strong>[57]\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u591a\u4ee3\u7406\u534f\u4f5c\u6846\u67b6\uff1b\u6587\u672c\u5230 SQL \u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u662f\u5728\u9009\u62e9\u5668\u3001\u5206\u89e3\u5668\u548c\u7cbe\u70bc\u5668\u7b49\u4ee3\u7406\u7684\u534f\u4f5c\u4e0b\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u3002\u9009\u62e9\u5668\u4e3a\u7528\u6237\u95ee\u9898\u4fdd\u7559\u76f8\u5173\u8868\u683c\uff1b\u5206\u89e3\u5668\u5c06\u7528\u6237\u95ee\u9898\u5206\u89e3\u4e3a\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u5e76\u63d0\u4f9b\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\uff1b\u6700\u540e\uff0cRefiner \u9a8c\u8bc1\u5e76\u4f18\u5316\u6709\u7f3a\u9677\u7684 SQL\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>DEA- SQL<\/strong> [58] \u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u5de5\u4f5c\u6d41\u7a0b\u8303\u5f0f\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u901a\u8fc7\u5206\u89e3\u63d0\u9ad8\u57fa\u4e8e LLM \u7684\u6587\u672c\u5230 SQL \u7684\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u548c\u95ee\u9898\u89e3\u51b3\u8303\u56f4\u3002\u8be5\u65b9\u6cd5\u5bf9\u6574\u4f53\u4efb\u52a1\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u89e3\uff0c\u4f7f SQL \u751f\u6210\u6a21\u5757\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u524d\u63d0\uff08\u4fe1\u606f\u786e\u5b9a\u3001\u95ee\u9898\u5206\u7c7b\uff09\u548c\u540e\u7eed\uff08\u81ea\u6211\u4fee\u6b63\u3001\u4e3b\u52a8\u5b66\u4e60\uff09\u5b50\u4efb\u52a1\u3002\u5de5\u4f5c\u6d41\u8303\u5f0f\u4f7f LLM \u80fd\u591f\u751f\u6210\u66f4\u51c6\u786e\u7684 SQL \u67e5\u8be2<\/p>\n<p><strong>SGU-SQL<\/strong> [ 32 ] \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ed3\u6784\u5230 SQL \u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u56fa\u6709\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u4fe1\u606f\u534f\u52a9 SQL \u751f\u6210\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u8be5\u6846\u67b6\u5206\u522b\u4e3a\u7528\u6237\u95ee\u9898\u548c\u76f8\u5e94\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u6784\u5efa\u56fe\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4f7f\u7528\u7f16\u7801\u56fe\u6784\u5efa\u7ed3\u6784\u94fe\u63a5 [105 , 106]\u3002\u5143\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26\u7528\u8bed\u6cd5\u6811\u5206\u89e3\u7528\u6237\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u7528 SQL \u4e2d\u7684\u5143\u8fd0\u7b97\u7b26\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8f93\u5165\u63d0\u793a\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>MetaSQL<\/strong> [ 59 ] \u4e3a SQL \u751f\u6210\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u4e09\u9636\u6bb5\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a\u5206\u89e3\u3001\u751f\u6210\u548c\u6392\u5e8f\u3002\u5206\u89e3\u9636\u6bb5\u4f7f\u7528\u8bed\u4e49\u5206\u89e3\u548c\u5143\u6570\u636e\u7ec4\u5408\u6765\u5904\u7406\u7528\u6237\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5c06\u5148\u524d\u5904\u7406\u8fc7\u7684\u6570\u636e\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8f93\u5165\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u5143\u6570\u636e\u6761\u4ef6\u751f\u6210\u7684\u6587\u672c\u5230 SQL \u6a21\u578b\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e9b\u5019\u9009 SQL \u67e5\u8be2\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u5e94\u7528\u4e24\u9636\u6bb5\u6392\u5e8f\u7ba1\u9053\u5f97\u5230\u5168\u5c40\u6700\u4f18 SQL \u67e5\u8be2\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>PET-SQL<\/strong> [ 60 ] \u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u63d0\u793a\u589e\u5f3a\u578b\u4e24\u9636\u6bb5\u6846\u67b6\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u7cbe\u5fc3\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u63d0\u793a\u6307\u793a LLM \u751f\u6210\u521d\u6b65 SQL\uff08PreSQL\uff09\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6839\u636e\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\u9009\u62e9\u4e00\u4e9b\u5c11\u91cf\u6f14\u793a\u3002\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u6839\u636e PreSQL \u627e\u5230\u6a21\u5f0f\u94fe\u63a5\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5176\u7ed3\u5408\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u4ee5\u63d0\u793a LLM \u751f\u6210\u6700\u7ec8 SQL (FinSQL)\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u591a\u4e2a LLM \u751f\u6210 FinSQL\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u6267\u884c\u7ed3\u679c\u786e\u4fdd\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>C2-Prompt Optimization<\/strong>\uff1a\u6b63\u5982\u4e4b\u524d\u6240\u4ecb\u7ecd\u7684\uff0c\u7528\u4e8e\u63d0\u793a LLM \u7684\u5c11\u6570\u51e0\u6b21\u5b66\u4e60\u5df2\u88ab\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7814\u7a76[85]\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u57fa\u4e8e LLM \u7684\u6587\u672c\u5230 SQL\uff08text-to-SQL\uff09\u548c\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u5b66\u4e60\uff0c\u5fae\u4e0d\u8db3\u9053\u7684\u5c11\u6b21\u5143\u65b9\u6cd5\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u53ef\u559c\u7684\u6210\u679c[8, 9, 33]\uff0c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u4f18\u5316\u5c11\u6b21\u5143\u63d0\u793a\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u83b7\u5f97\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u5728\u73b0\u6210\u7684 LLM \u4e2d\u751f\u6210 SQL \u7684\u51c6\u786e\u6027\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u76f8\u5e94\u8f93\u5165\u63d0\u793a\u7684\u8d28\u91cf[107]\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5f71\u54cd\u63d0\u793a\u8d28\u91cf\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u51b3\u5b9a\u6027\u56e0\u7d20\u6210\u4e3a\u5f53\u524d\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u91cd\u70b9[9]\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5c11\u91cf\u63d0\u793a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u548c\u6570\u91cf\u3001\u7528\u6237 9 \u95ee\u9898\u4e0e\u5c11\u91cf\u63d0\u793a\u5b9e\u4f8b\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\u3001\u5916\u90e8\u77e5\u8bc6\/\u63d0\u793a\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>DESEM<\/strong> [ 62 ] \u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5177\u6709\u53bb\u8bed\u4e49\u5316\u548c\u9aa8\u67b6\u68c0\u7d22\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u63d0\u793a\u5de5\u7a0b\u6846\u67b6\u3002\u8be5\u6846\u67b6\u9996\u5148\u91c7\u7528\u7279\u5b9a\u9886\u57df\u7684\u8bcd\u8bed\u5c4f\u853d\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u53bb\u9664\u7528\u6237\u95ee\u9898\u4e2d\u4fdd\u7559\u610f\u56fe\u7684\u8bed\u4e49\u6807\u8bb0\u3002\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u5b83\u5229\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u8c03\u6574\u7684\u63d0\u793a\u6a21\u5757\uff0c\u68c0\u7d22\u4e0e\u95ee\u9898\u610f\u56fe\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u5c11\u91cf\u793a\u4f8b\uff0c\u5e76\u7ed3\u5408\u6a21\u5f0f\u76f8\u5173\u6027\u8fc7\u6ee4\u6765\u6307\u5bfc LLM \u7684 SQL \u751f\u6210\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>QDecomp<\/strong> [ 51 ] \u6846\u67b6\u5f15\u5165\u4e86 InterCOL \u673a\u5236\uff0c\u4ee5\u589e\u91cf\u65b9\u5f0f\u5c06\u5206\u89e3\u7684\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\u4e0e\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u8868\u548c\u5217\u540d\u79f0\u7ed3\u5408\u8d77\u6765\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u57fa\u4e8e\u96be\u5ea6\u7684\u9009\u62e9\uff0cQDecomp \u7684\u5c11\u91cf\u793a\u4f8b\u90fd\u662f\u7ecf\u8fc7\u96be\u5ea6\u62bd\u6837\u7684\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027-\u591a\u6837\u6027\u62bd\u6837\uff0c[ 52 ]\u8fd8\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86 SD+SA+\u6295\u7968\uff08\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027-\u591a\u6837\u6027+\u6a21\u5f0f\u589e\u5f3a+\u6295\u7968\uff09\u62bd\u6837\u7b56\u7565\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u9996\u5148\u5229\u7528\u8bed\u4e49\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\u548c k-Means \u805a\u7c7b\u591a\u6837\u6027\u5bf9\u5c11\u91cf\u793a\u4f8b\u8fdb\u884c\u91c7\u6837\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5229\u7528\u6a21\u5f0f\u77e5\u8bc6\uff08\u8bed\u4e49\u6216\u7ed3\u6784\u589e\u5f3a\uff09\u5bf9\u63d0\u793a\u8fdb\u884c\u589e\u5f3a\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>C3<\/strong> [ 30 ] \u6846\u67b6\u7531\u4e00\u4e2a\u6e05\u6670\u63d0\u793a\u7ec4\u4ef6\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u63d0\u4f9b\u63d0\u793a\u7684\u6821\u51c6\u7ec4\u4ef6\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u524d\u8005\u5c06\u95ee\u9898\u548c\u6a21\u5f0f\u4f5c\u4e3a LLMs \u7684\u8f93\u5165\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u751f\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u6e05\u6670\u63d0\u793a\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u4e00\u4e2a\u53bb\u9664\u4e0e\u7528\u6237\u95ee\u9898\u65e0\u5173\u7684\u5197\u4f59\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u548c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u5f0f\u94fe\u63a5\u3002LLM \u5c06\u5176\u7ec4\u6210\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7528\u4e8e SQL \u751f\u6210\u7684\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u589e\u5f3a\u63d0\u793a\u3002\u68c0\u7d22\u589e\u5f3a\u6846\u67b6\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u6837\u672c\u611f\u77e5\u63d0\u793a[64]\uff0c\u8be5\u6846\u67b6\u7b80\u5316\u4e86\u539f\u59cb\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5e76\u4ece\u7b80\u5316\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u4e2d\u63d0\u53d6\u95ee\u9898\u9aa8\u67b6\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u6839\u636e\u9aa8\u67b6\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\u5728\u5b58\u50a8\u5e93\u4e2d\u5b8c\u6210\u6837\u672c\u68c0\u7d22\u3002\u68c0\u7d22\u5230\u7684\u6837\u672c\u4e0e\u539f\u59cb\u95ee\u9898\u76f8\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u5c11\u91cf\u63d0\u793a\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>ODIS<\/strong> [54]\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u4f7f\u7528\u57df\u5916\u6f14\u793a\u548c\u57df\u5185\u5408\u6210\u6570\u636e\u7684\u6837\u672c\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u5b83\u4ece\u6df7\u5408\u6765\u6e90\u68c0\u7d22\u5c11\u91cf\u6f14\u793a\uff0c\u4ee5\u589e\u5f3a\u63d0\u793a\u8868\u5f81<\/p>\n<p><strong>DAIL- SQL<\/strong>[9]\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u65b0\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u89e3\u51b3\u5c11\u91cf\u793a\u4f8b\u7684\u91c7\u6837\u548c\u7ec4\u7ec7\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5728\u5c11\u91cf\u793a\u4f8b\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u548c\u6570\u91cf\u4e4b\u95f4\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u5e73\u8861\u3002DAIL Selection \u9996\u5148\u5c4f\u853d\u4e86\u7528\u6237\u548c\u5c11\u91cf\u793a\u4f8b\u95ee\u9898\u4e2d\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u9886\u57df\u8bcd\u6c47\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u6839\u636e\u5d4c\u5165\u7684\u6b27\u6c0f\u8ddd\u79bb\u5bf9\u5019\u9009\u793a\u4f8b\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u9884\u9884\u6d4b SQL \u67e5\u8be2\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u5ea6\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u673a\u5236\u4f1a\u6839\u636e\u9884\u5148\u8bbe\u5b9a\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u83b7\u5f97\u6309\u76f8\u4f3c\u5ea6\u6392\u5e8f\u7684\u5019\u9009\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ef\u786e\u4fdd\u5c11\u91cf\u5b9e\u4f8b\u4e0e\u95ee\u9898\u548c SQL \u67e5\u8be2\u90fd\u5177\u6709\u826f\u597d\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>ACT-SQL<\/strong>[49]\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u6839\u636e\u76f8\u4f3c\u5ea6\u5f97\u5206\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u52a8\u6001\u793a\u4f8b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>FUSED<\/strong>[65]\u63d0\u51fa\u901a\u8fc7\u514d\u4eba\u5de5\u7684\u591a\u6b21\u8fed\u4ee3\u5408\u6210\u6765\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u9ad8\u591a\u6837\u6027\u7684\u6f14\u793a\u5e93\uff0c\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u5c11\u62cd\u6f14\u793a\u7684\u591a\u6837\u6027\u3002FUSED \u7684\u7ba1\u9053\u901a\u8fc7\u805a\u7c7b\u5bf9\u9700\u8981\u878d\u5408\u7684\u6f14\u793a\u8fdb\u884c\u91c7\u6837\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5bf9\u91c7\u6837\u7684\u6f14\u793a\u8fdb\u884c\u878d\u5408\u4ee5\u6784\u5efa\u6f14\u793a\u6c60\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u63d0\u9ad8\u5c11\u6570\u51e0\u6b21\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u6548\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>Knowledge-to-SQL<\/strong> [31] \u6846\u67b6\u65e8\u5728\u6784\u5efa\u6570\u636e\u4e13\u5bb6 LLM\uff08DELLM\uff09\uff0c\u4e3a SQL \u751f\u6210\u63d0\u4f9b\u77e5\u8bc6\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>DELLM<\/strong> \u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e13\u5bb6\u6ce8\u91ca\u8fdb\u884c\u6709\u76d1\u7763\u7684\u5fae\u8c03[33]\u6765\u8bad\u7ec3\u7684\uff0c\u5e76\u6839\u636e\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u53cd\u9988\u901a\u8fc7\u504f\u597d\u5b66\u4e60\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5b8c\u5584\u3002DELLM \u751f\u6210\u56db\u7c7b\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u826f\u597d\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff08\u5982 DAIL-SQL [9]\u3001MAC-SQL [ 57 ]\uff09\u7ed3\u5408\u751f\u6210\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u5b66\u4e60\u4e3a\u57fa\u4e8e LLM \u7684\u6587\u672c\u5230 SQL \u5b9e\u73b0\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>C3-Reasoning Enhancement\uff1a<\/strong>LLMs \u5728\u6d89\u53ca\u5e38\u8bc6\u63a8\u7406\u3001\u7b26\u53f7\u63a8\u7406\u548c\u7b97\u672f\u63a8\u7406\u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u4e2d\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u4e86\u826f\u597d\u7684\u80fd\u529b[108]\u3002\u5728\u6587\u672c\u5230 SQL \u7684\u4efb\u52a1\u4e2d\uff0c\u6570\u5b57\u63a8\u7406\u548c\u540c\u4e49\u8bcd\u63a8\u7406\u7ecf\u5e38\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u73b0\u5b9e\u573a\u666f\u4e2d [ 33 , 41 ]\u3002LLMs \u63a8\u7406\u7684\u63d0\u793a\u7b56\u7565\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u63d0\u9ad8 SQL \u751f\u6210\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e3b\u8981\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u6574\u5408\u8bbe\u8ba1\u826f\u597d\u7684\u63a8\u7406\u589e\u5f3a\u65b9\u6cd5\u7528\u4e8e\u6587\u672c\u5230 SQL \u7684\u9002\u5e94\uff0c\u6539\u8fdb LLMs \u4ee5\u5e94\u5bf9\u9700\u8981\u590d\u6742\u63a8\u7406\u7684\u590d\u6742\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6311\u62183 \u4ee5\u53ca SQL \u751f\u6210\u7684\u81ea\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u601d\u7ef4\u94fe\uff08Chain-of-Thoughts\uff0cCoT\uff09\u63d0\u793a\u6280\u672f[103]\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u4e2a\u5168\u9762\u7684\u63a8\u7406\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f15\u5bfc LLM \u8fdb\u884c\u7cbe\u786e\u63a8\u7406\uff0c\u6fc0\u53d1 LLM \u7684\u63a8\u7406\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u57fa\u4e8e LLM \u6587\u672c\u5230 SQL \u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5229\u7528 CoT \u63d0\u793a\u4f5c\u4e3a\u89c4\u5219\u6697\u793a[9]\uff0c\u5728\u63d0\u793a\u6784\u5efa\u4e2d\u8bbe\u7f6e\u4e86 \u201c\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u4e00\u6b65\u6b65\u601d\u8003 \u201d\u7684\u6307\u4ee4[9, 32, 33, 51]\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u76f4\u622a\u4e86\u5f53\u7684\uff08\u539f\u59cb\uff09CoT \u7b56\u7565\u5728\u6587\u672c\u5230 SQL \u4efb\u52a1\u4e2d\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u63a8\u7406\u4efb\u52a1\u4e2d\u7684\u6f5c\u529b\uff1b\u5bf9 CoT \u7684\u9002\u5e94\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u4ecd\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u4e2d[51]\u3002\u7531\u4e8e CoT \u63d0\u793a\u603b\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u5e26\u6709\u4eba\u5de5\u6ce8\u91ca\u7684\u9759\u6001\u793a\u4f8b\u8fdb\u884c\u6f14\u793a\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u7ecf\u9a8c\u5224\u65ad\u6765\u6709\u6548\u9009\u62e9\u5c11\u91cf\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\uff0c\u800c\u4eba\u5de5\u6ce8\u91ca\u4e5f\u662f\u5fc5\u4e0d\u53ef\u5c11\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\uff0c<strong>ACT-SQL<\/strong> [ 49] \u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u81ea\u52a8\u751f\u6210 CoT \u793a\u4f8b\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u6765\u8bf4\uff0cACT-SQL \u7ed9\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u622a\u65ad\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u7247\u6bb5\u96c6\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u679a\u4e3e\u76f8\u5e94 SQL \u67e5\u8be2\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u5217\u3002\u6bcf\u4e00\u5217\u90fd\u5c06\u901a\u8fc7\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\u51fd\u6570\u4e0e\u5176\u6700\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u5207\u7247\u8054\u7cfb\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u5e76\u9644\u52a0\u5230 CoT \u63d0\u793a\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>QDecomp<\/strong> [51] \u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u7ed3\u5408 CoT \u63d0\u793a\u589e\u5f3a LLMs SQL \u751f\u6210\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u6027\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u9896\u7684\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u4ee5\u89e3\u51b3 CoT \u5982\u4f55\u63d0\u51fa\u9884\u6d4b SQL \u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u63a8\u7406\u6b65\u9aa4\u8fd9\u4e00\u96be\u9898\u3002\u8be5\u6846\u67b6\u5229\u7528 SQL \u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7247\u6bb5\u6765\u6784\u5efa CoT \u63a8\u7406\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u6b65\u9aa4\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4f7f\u7528\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u6a21\u677f\u6765\u9610\u8ff0 SQL \u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7247\u6bb5\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u5b83\u4eec\u6309\u903b\u8f91\u6267\u884c\u987a\u5e8f\u6392\u5217\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>Least-to-Most<\/strong> [ 104 ] \u662f\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u63d0\u793a\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u5b83\u5c06\u95ee\u9898\u5206\u89e3\u6210\u5b50\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u6309\u987a\u5e8f\u89e3\u51b3\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8fed\u4ee3\u63d0\u793a\uff0c\u8bd5\u70b9\u5b9e\u9a8c[51]\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u6587\u672c\u5230 SQL \u89e3\u6790\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u63a8\u7406\u6b65\u9aa4\u5f80\u5f80\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u4f20\u64ad\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f5c\u4e3a CoT \u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u53d8\u4f53\uff0c<strong>Program-of-Thoughts\uff08PoT\uff09<\/strong>\u63d0\u793a\u7b56\u7565[109] \u88ab\u63d0\u51fa\u6765\u589e\u5f3a LLM \u7684\u7b97\u672f\u63a8\u7406\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u901a\u8fc7\u8bc4\u4f30[55]\uff0cPoT\u589e\u5f3a\u4e86SQL\u751f\u6210\u7684LLM\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5728\u590d\u6742\u7684\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u4e2d[33]\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>SQL-CRAFT<\/strong> [ 55 ] \u88ab\u63d0\u51fa\u6765\u589e\u5f3a\u57fa\u4e8e LLM \u7684 SQL \u751f\u6210\uff0c\u5b83\u7ed3\u5408\u4e86\u7528\u4e8e Python \u589e\u5f3a\u63a8\u7406\u7684 PoT \u63d0\u793a\u3002PoT \u7b56\u7565\u8981\u6c42\u6a21\u578b\u540c\u65f6\u751f\u6210 Python \u4ee3\u7801\u548c SQL \u67e5\u8be2\uff0c\u5f3a\u5236\u6a21\u578b\u5c06 Python \u4ee3\u7801\u7eb3\u5165\u5176\u63a8\u7406\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>Self-Consistency<\/strong>[110] \u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u63d0\u9ad8 LLM \u63a8\u7406\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u63d0\u793a\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u5b83\u5229\u7528\u4e86\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u79cd\u76f4\u89c9\uff0c\u5373\u4e00\u4e2a\u590d\u6742\u7684\u63a8\u7406\u95ee\u9898\u901a\u5e38\u5141\u8bb8\u591a\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u601d\u7ef4\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5f97\u51fa\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u7b54\u6848\u3002\u5728\u6587\u672c\u5230 SQL \u4efb\u52a1\u4e2d\uff0c\u81ea\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u5bf9\u4e00\u7ec4\u4e0d\u540c\u7684 SQL \u8fdb\u884c\u91c7\u6837\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u6267\u884c\u53cd\u9988\u5bf9\u4e00\u81f4\u7684 SQL \u8fdb\u884c\u6295\u7968 [30 , 53 ]\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u540c\u6837\uff0c<strong>SD+SA+Voting<\/strong> [52] \u6846\u67b6\u4f1a\u5254\u9664\u90a3\u4e9b\u7531\u786e\u5b9a\u6027\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7ba1\u7406\u7cfb\u7edf\uff08DBMS\uff09\u8bc6\u522b\u51fa\u7684\u6267\u884c\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u5e76\u9009\u62e9\u83b7\u5f97\u591a\u6570\u7968\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5728\u6700\u8fd1\u5173\u4e8e\u5229\u7528\u5de5\u5177\u6269\u5c55 LLM \u529f\u80fd\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u63a8\u52a8\u4e0b\uff0c<strong>FUXI<\/strong> [66] \u88ab\u63d0\u51fa\u901a\u8fc7\u6709\u6548\u8c03\u7528\u7cbe\u5fc3\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u6765\u589e\u5f3a LLM \u7684 SQL \u751f\u6210\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>C4-Execution Refinement<\/strong>\uff1a\u5728\u8bbe\u8ba1\u51c6\u786e\u751f\u6210 SQL \u7684\u6807\u51c6\u65f6\uff0c\u4f18\u5148\u8003\u8651\u7684\u59cb\u7ec8\u662f\u751f\u6210\u7684 SQL \u80fd\u5426\u6210\u529f\u6267\u884c\u5e76\u68c0\u7d22\u5230\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u6b63\u786e\u56de\u7b54\u7528\u6237\u95ee\u9898 [ 13 ]\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u9879\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7f16\u7a0b\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u751f\u6210\u6b63\u786e\u7684 SQL \u975e\u5e38\u5177\u6709\u6311\u6218\u6027\u3002\u76f4\u89c2\u5730\u8bf4\uff0c\u5728 SQL \u751f\u6210\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u8003\u8651\u6267\u884c\u53cd\u9988\/\u7ed3\u679c\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u4e0e\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u73af\u5883\u4fdd\u6301\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5141\u8bb8 LLM \u6536\u96c6\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u6267\u884c\u9519\u8bef\u548c\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u4ee5\u5b8c\u5584\u751f\u6210\u7684 SQL \u6216\u8fdb\u884c\u591a\u6570\u8868\u51b3[30]\u3002\u6587\u672c\u5230 SQL \u4e2d\u7684\u6267\u884c\u611f\u77e5\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e3b\u8981\u901a\u8fc7\u4e24\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u7eb3\u5165\u6267\u884c\u53cd\u9988\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>1) <strong>\u901a\u8fc7\u7b2c\u4e8c\u8f6e\u63d0\u793a\u91cd\u65b0\u751f\u6210\u53cd\u9988<\/strong>\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u521d\u59cb\u54cd\u5e94\u4e2d\u751f\u6210\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a SQL \u67e5\u8be2\uff0c\u90fd\u5c06\u5728\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u83b7\u5f97\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u53cd\u9988\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53cd\u9988\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ed3\u679c\u5c06\u88ab\u9644\u52a0\u5230\u7b2c\u4e8c\u8f6e\u63d0\u793a\u4e2d\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u4e2d\u5b66\u4e60\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53cd\u9988\uff0cLLM \u80fd\u591f\u5b8c\u5584\u6216\u91cd\u65b0\u751f\u6210\u539f\u59cb SQL\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u63d0\u9ad8\u51c6\u786e\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<p>2) <strong>\u5bf9\u751f\u6210\u7684 SQL \u4f7f\u7528\u57fa\u4e8e\u6267\u884c\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u7b56\u7565<\/strong>\uff0c\u4ece LLM \u4e2d\u62bd\u6837\u591a\u4e2a\u751f\u6210\u7684 SQL \u67e5\u8be2\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u6267\u884c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u67e5\u8be2\u3002\u6839\u636e\u6bcf\u4e2a SQL \u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u6267\u884c\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u9009\u62e9\u7b56\u7565\uff08\u5982\u81ea\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u3001\u591a\u6570\u7968[60]\uff09\u4ece SQL \u96c6\u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e00\u4e2a\u6ee1\u8db3\u6761\u4ef6\u7684 SQL \u67e5\u8be2\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6700\u7ec8\u9884\u6d4b\u7684 SQL\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>MRC-EXEC<\/strong> [ 67 ] \u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u5e26\u6709\u6267\u884c\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u5230\u4ee3\u7801\uff08NL2Code\uff09\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u8be5\u6846\u67b6\u5bf9\u6bcf\u4e2a\u91c7\u6837 SQL \u67e5\u8be2\u8fdb\u884c\u6392\u5e8f\uff0c\u5e76\u6839\u636e\u8d1d\u53f6\u65af\u98ce\u9669\uff08Bayes risk\uff09\u9009\u62e9\u6267\u884c\u7ed3\u679c\u6700\u5c0f\u7684\u793a\u4f8b [111]\u3002<strong>LEVER<\/strong> [68] \u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u901a\u8fc7\u6267\u884c\u9a8c\u8bc1 NL2Code \u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u751f\u6210\u548c\u6267\u884c\u6a21\u5757\u5206\u522b\u6536\u96c6 SQL \u96c6\u6837\u672c\u53ca\u5176\u6267\u884c\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4f7f\u7528\u5b66\u4e60\u9a8c\u8bc1\u5668\u8f93\u51fa\u6b63\u786e\u6027\u6982\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0e\u6b64\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c<strong>SELF-DEBUGGING<\/strong> [ 48] \u6846\u67b6\u4e5f\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u5c11\u91cf\u6f14\u793a\u6765\u6559 LLM \u8c03\u8bd5\u5176\u9884\u6d4b\u7684 SQL\u3002\u8be5\u6a21\u578b\u80fd\u591f\u901a\u8fc7\u8c03\u67e5\u6267\u884c\u7ed3\u679c\u5e76\u7528\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u89e3\u91ca\u751f\u6210\u7684 SQL \u6765\u4fee\u6b63\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u65e0\u9700\u4eba\u5de5\u5e72\u9884\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u524d\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e86\u5c06\u7cbe\u5fc3\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u6846\u67b6\u4e0e\u6267\u884c\u53cd\u9988\u7ed3\u5408\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u5e7f\u6cdb\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u4e24\u9636\u6bb5\u542b\u4e49\uff1a<strong>1. \u5bf9\u4e00\u7ec4 SQL \u67e5\u8be2\u8fdb\u884c\u91c7\u6837\u30022. \u591a\u6570\u8868\u51b3\uff08\u81ea\u6d3d\uff09\u3002<\/strong>\u5177\u4f53\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c<strong>C3<\/strong>[30]\u6846\u67b6\u6d88\u9664\u4e86\u9519\u8bef\u5e76\u8bc6\u522b\u51fa\u6700\u4e00\u81f4\u7684SQL\uff1b<strong>\u68c0\u7d22\u589e\u5f3a\u6846\u67b6[64]\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u52a8\u6001\u4fee\u8ba2\u94fe<\/strong>\uff0c\u5c06\u7ec6\u7c92\u5ea6\u7684\u6267\u884c\u6d88\u606f\u4e0e\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5185\u5bb9\u76f8\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u4ee5\u63d0\u793a\u6cd5\u5b66\u7855\u58eb\u5c06\u751f\u6210\u7684SQL\u67e5\u8be2\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u89e3\u91ca\uff1b\u8981\u6c42\u6cd5\u5b66\u7855\u58eb\u627e\u51fa\u8bed\u4e49\u5dee\u8ddd\u5e76\u4fee\u6539\u4ed6\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u751f\u6210\u7684 SQL\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6a21\u5f0f\u8fc7\u6ee4\u65b9\u6cd5\u589e\u5f3a\u4e86 SQL \u751f\u6210\uff0c\u4f46\u751f\u6210\u7684 SQL \u53ef\u80fd\u65e0\u6cd5\u6267\u884c\u3002DESEM [62] \u5408\u5e76\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u540e\u5907\u4fee\u8ba2\u7248\u6765\u89e3\u51b3\u8be5\u95ee\u9898\uff1b\u5b83\u6839\u636e\u4e0d\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u4fee\u6539\u5e76\u91cd\u65b0\u751f\u6210SQL\u5e93\uff0c\u5e76\u8bbe\u7f6e\u7ec8\u6b62\u6761\u4ef6\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u5faa\u73af\u3002DIN-SQL [8] \u5728\u5176\u81ea\u6211\u4fee\u6b63\u6a21\u5757\u4e2d\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e86\u901a\u7528\u4e14\u6e29\u548c\u7684\u63d0\u793a\uff1b\u901a\u7528\u63d0\u793a\u8981\u6c42\u6cd5\u5b66\u7855\u58eb\u8bc6\u522b\u5e76\u7ea0\u6b63\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u6e29\u548c\u63d0\u793a\u8981\u6c42\u6a21\u578b\u68c0\u67e5\u6f5c\u5728\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u591a\u4ee3\u7406\u6846\u67b6<strong>MAC-SQL<\/strong>[57]\u5305\u62ec\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cbe\u70bc\u4ee3\u7406\uff0c\u5b83\u80fd\u591f\u68c0\u6d4b\u5e76\u81ea\u52a8\u7ea0\u6b63SQL\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u91c7\u7528SQLite\u9519\u8bef\u548c\u5f02\u5e38\u7c7b\u6765\u91cd\u65b0\u751f\u6210\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684SQL\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u4e0d\u540c\u6570\u91cf\u7684\u4fee\u8ba2\uff0c<strong>SQL-CRAFT<\/strong> [55]\u6846\u67b6\u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f0f\u6821\u6b63\u548c\u81ea\u52a8\u63a7\u5236\u786e\u5b9a\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u6821\u6b63\u8fc7\u5ea6\u6216\u6821\u6b63\u4e0d\u8db3\u3002<strong> FUXI<\/strong> [66]\u8003\u8651\u4e86\u57fa\u4e8e\u5de5\u5177\u7684 SQL \u751f\u6210\u63a8\u7406\u4e2d\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u53cd\u9988\u3002<strong> Knowledge-to-SQL<\/strong> [31] \u5f15\u5165\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u504f\u597d\u5b66\u4e60\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u5c06\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u6267\u884c\u53cd\u9988\u4e0e\u76f4\u63a5\u504f\u597d\u4f18\u5316 [112] \u76f8\u7ed3\u5408\uff0c\u4ee5\u6539\u8fdb\u6240\u63d0\u51fa\u7684 DELLM\u3002<strong>PET-SQL<\/strong>[60]\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4ea4\u53c9\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\uff0c\u5b83\u5305\u62ec\u4e24\u79cd\u53d8\u4f53\uff1a1\uff09\u6734\u7d20\u6295\u7968\uff1a\u6307\u793a\u591a\u4e2aLLM\u751f\u6210SQL\u67e5\u8be2\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u6839\u636e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6267\u884c\u7ed3\u679c\u5229\u7528\u591a\u6570\u7968\u51b3\u5b9a\u6700\u7ec8\u7684SQL\uff1b2\uff09\u7ec6\u7c92\u5ea6\u6295\u7968\uff1a\u6839\u636e\u96be\u5ea6\u7ea7\u522b\u7ec6\u5316\u6734\u7d20\u6295\u7968\uff0c\u4ee5\u51cf\u8f7b\u6295\u7968\u504f\u5dee\u3002\u3002<\/p>\n<h4><strong>B. Fine-tuning<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u7531\u4e8e\u76d1\u7763\u5fae\u8c03\uff08SFT\uff09\u662f LLMs \u8bad\u7ec3\u7684\u4e3b\u6d41\u65b9\u6cd5[29, 91]\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5f00\u6e90 LLMs\uff08\u5982 LLaMA-2 [94 ], Gemma [113]\uff09\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u4f7f\u6a21\u578b\u5feb\u901f\u9002\u5e94\u7279\u5b9a\u9886\u57df\u7684\u6700\u76f4\u63a5\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u6536\u96c6\u7684\u9886\u57df\u6807\u7b7e\u5bf9\u6a21\u578b\u6267\u884c SFT\u3002SFT \u9636\u6bb5\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u7cbe\u5fc3\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u8bad\u7ec3\u6846\u67b6\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u9636\u6bb5[112, 114]\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u6587\u672c\u5230 SQL \u7684\u5fae\u8c03\u9636\u6bb5\u3002SQL \u67e5\u8be2 Y \u7684\u81ea\u52a8\u56de\u5f52\u751f\u6210\u8fc7\u7a0b\u53ef\u8868\u8ff0\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.kdjingpai.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/604793988f5dee6.png\" \/><\/p>\n<p>SFT \u65b9\u6cd5\u4e5f\u662f\u6587\u672c\u5230 SQL \u7684\u865a\u6784\u5fae\u8c03\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5728\u6587\u672c\u5230 SQL \u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5df2\u88ab\u5404\u79cd\u5f00\u6e90 LLM \u5e7f\u6cdb\u91c7\u7528 [9, 10 , 46 ]\u3002\u4e0e\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u5b66\u4e60\uff08ICL\uff09\u65b9\u6cd5\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u5fae\u8c03\u8303\u5f0f\u66f4\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u57fa\u4e8e LLM \u7684\u6587\u672c\u5230 SQL \u7684\u8d77\u70b9\u3002\u76ee\u524d\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u53d1\u5e03\u4e86\u51e0\u9879\u63a2\u7d22\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u5fae\u8c03\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u5c06\u8bbe\u8ba1\u826f\u597d\u7684\u5fae\u8c03\u65b9\u6cd5\u6309\u5176\u673a\u5236\u5206\u4e3a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7ec4\uff0c\u5982\u8868 IV\u6240\u793a\uff1a<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.kdjingpai.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/919b128002795e2.png\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u589e\u5f3a\u578b\u67b6\u6784<\/strong>\uff1a\u5e7f\u6cdb\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u751f\u6210\u5f0f\u9884\u8bad\u7ec3\u53d8\u6362\u5668\uff08GPT\uff09\u6846\u67b6\u5229\u7528\u4ec5\u89e3\u7801\u5668\u7684\u53d8\u6362\u5668\u67b6\u6784\u548c\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u81ea\u52a8\u56de\u5f52\u53bb\u7f16\u7801\u6765\u751f\u6210\u6587\u672c\u3002\u6700\u8fd1\u5bf9 LLM \u6548\u7387\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5171\u540c\u7684\u6311\u6218\uff1a\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u81ea\u52a8\u56de\u5f52\u6a21\u5f0f\u751f\u6210\u957f\u5e8f\u5217\u65f6\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u9700\u8981\u52a0\u5165\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u673a\u5236\uff0cLLM \u7684\u5ef6\u8fdf\u5f88\u9ad8 [115 , 116 ]\u3002\u5728\u57fa\u4e8e LLM \u7684\u6587\u672c\u5230 SQL \u4e2d\uff0c\u751f\u6210 SQL \u67e5\u8be2\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u4e0e\u4f20\u7edf\u8bed\u8a00\u5efa\u6a21\u76f8\u6bd4\u660e\u663e\u8f83\u6162 [21 , 28 ]\uff0c\u8fd9\u6210\u4e3a\u6784\u5efa\u9ad8\u6548\u672c\u5730 NLIDB \u7684\u6311\u6218\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0cCLLM [ 69 ]\u65e8\u5728\u901a\u8fc7\u589e\u5f3a\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u67b6\u6784\u5e94\u5bf9\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6311\u6218\uff0c\u5e76\u52a0\u5feb SQL \u751f\u6210\u901f\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u6570\u636e\u589e\u5f3a<\/strong>\uff1a\u5728\u5fae\u8c03\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f71\u54cd\u6a21\u578b\u6027\u80fd\u7684\u6700\u76f4\u63a5\u56e0\u7d20\u662f\u8bad\u7ec3\u6807\u7b7e\u7684\u8d28\u91cf[117]\u3002\u4f4e\u8d28\u91cf\u6216\u7f3a\u4e4f\u8bad\u7ec3\u6807\u7b7e\u4e0b\u7684\u5fae\u8c03\u662f\u201c\u5de7\u5987\u96be\u4e3a\u65e0\u7c73\u4e4b\u708a\u201d\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u9ad8\u8d28\u91cf\u6216\u589e\u5f3a\u6570\u636e\u8fdb\u884c\u5fae\u8c03\u603b\u662f\u8d85\u8d8a\u5728\u4f4e\u8d28\u91cf\u6216\u539f\u59cb\u6570\u636e\u4e0a\u7cbe\u5fc3\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u5fae\u8c03\u65b9\u6cd5[29, 74]\u3002\u6587\u672c\u5230 SQL \u7684\u6570\u636e\u589e\u5f3a\u5fae\u8c03\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u5b9e\u8d28\u6027\u8fdb\u5c55\uff0c\u91cd\u70b9\u662f\u63d0\u9ad8 SFT \u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u8d28\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[117] \u201cLearning from noisy labels with deep neural networks: A survey,\u201d<\/p>\n<p>[74] Recent advances in text-to-SQL: A survey of what we have and what we expect<\/p>\n<p>[29] \u201cA survey of large language models\u201d<\/p>\n<p>DAIL-SQL [9] \u88ab\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e3a\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u5b66\u4e60\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u91c7\u6837\u7b56\u7565\u6765\u83b7\u5f97\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u5c11\u6837\u672c\u5b9e\u4f8b\u3002\u5c06\u91c7\u6837\u5b9e\u4f8b\u7eb3\u5165 SFT \u6d41\u7a0b\u53ef\u63d0\u9ad8\u5f00\u6e90 LLM \u7684\u6027\u80fd\u3002Symbol-LLM [50]\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u6570\u636e\u589e\u5f3a\u6307\u4ee4\u8c03\u6574\u7684\u6ce8\u5165\u548c\u6ce8\u5165\u9636\u6bb5\u3002CodeS [10] \u5728 ChatGPT \u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e0b\u901a\u8fc7\u53cc\u5411\u751f\u6210\u589e\u5f3a\u4e86\u8bad\u7ec3\u6570\u636e\u3002StructLM [70]\u63a5\u53d7\u591a\u79cd\u7ed3\u6784\u77e5\u8bc6\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u8bad\u7ec3\uff0c\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u6574\u4f53\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u9884\u8bad\u7ec3<\/strong>\uff1a\u9884\u8bad\u7ec3\u662f\u6574\u4e2a\u5fae\u8c03\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u5927\u91cf\u6570\u636e\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u81ea\u52a8\u56de\u5f52\u8bad\u7ec3\u6765\u83b7\u5f97\u6587\u672c\u751f\u6210\u80fd\u529b[118]\u3002\u4f20\u7edf\u4e0a\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u529f\u80fd\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u4e13\u6709 LLM\uff08\u5982 ChatGPT [119]\u3001GPT-4 [86]\u3001Claude [120]\uff09\u90fd\u662f\u5728\u6df7\u5408\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u9884\u8bad\u7ec3\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u6df7\u5408\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\u4e3b\u8981\u53d7\u76ca\u4e8e\u663e\u793a\u6587\u672c\u751f\u6210\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u5bf9\u8bdd\u573a\u666f [85]\u3002\u9488\u5bf9\u7279\u5b9a\u4ee3\u7801\u7684 LLM\uff08\u5982 CodeLLaMA [ 121 ]\u3001StarCoder [ 122 ]\uff09\u662f\u5728\u4ee3\u7801\u6570\u636e\u4e0a\u9884\u5148\u8bad\u7ec3\u7684[100 ]\uff0c\u5404\u79cd\u7f16\u7a0b\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u6df7\u5408\u4f7f LLM \u80fd\u591f\u751f\u6210\u7b26\u5408\u7528\u6237\u6307\u4ee4\u7684\u4ee3\u7801[123 ]\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4ee3\u7801\u751f\u6210\u7684\u5b50\u4efb\u52a1\uff0c\u9488\u5bf9 SQL \u7684\u9884\u8bad\u7ec3\u6280\u672f\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u6311\u6218\u662f\uff0cSQL\/\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u76f8\u5173\u5185\u5bb9\u53ea\u5360\u6574\u4e2a\u9884\u8bad\u7ec3\u8bed\u6599\u7684\u4e00\u5c0f\u90e8\u5206\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7efc\u5408\u80fd\u529b\u76f8\u5bf9\u6709\u9650\u7684\u5f00\u6e90 LLM\uff08\u4e0e ChatGPT\u3001GPT-4 \u76f8\u6bd4\uff09\u5728\u9884\u8bad\u7ec3\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u65e0\u6cd5\u5f88\u597d\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u5982\u4f55\u5c06 NL \u95ee\u9898\u8f6c\u6362\u4e3a SQL\u3002CodeS [10] \u6a21\u578b\u7684\u9884\u8bad\u7ec3\u9636\u6bb5\u5305\u62ec\u4e09\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u589e\u91cf\u9884\u8bad\u7ec3\u3002\u4ece\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u4ee3\u7801 LLM [122 ] \u5f00\u59cb\uff0cCodeS \u5728\u6df7\u5408\u8bad\u7ec3\u8bed\u6599\u5e93\uff08\u5305\u62ec SQL \u76f8\u5173\u6570\u636e\u3001NL-to-Code \u6570\u636e\u548c NL \u76f8\u5173\u6570\u636e\uff09\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u589e\u91cf\u9884\u8bad\u7ec3\u3002\u6587\u672c\u5230 SQL \u7684\u7406\u89e3\u80fd\u529b\u548c\u6027\u80fd\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u663e\u8457\u63d0\u9ad8\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5206\u89e3<\/strong>\uff1a\u5c06\u4efb\u52a1\u5206\u89e3\u4e3a\u591a\u4e2a\u6b65\u9aa4\u6216\u4f7f\u7528\u591a\u4e2a\u6a21\u578b\u6765\u89e3\u51b3\u4efb\u52a1\u662f\u89e3\u51b3\u590d\u6742\u573a\u666f\u7684\u76f4\u89c2\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u4e4b\u524d\u5728\u7b2c IV-A \u7ae0\u4e2d\u4ecb\u7ecd\u7684 ICL \u8303\u5f0f\u3002\u57fa\u4e8e ICL \u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u4e13\u6709\u6a21\u578b\u6709\u5927\u91cf\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u4e0e\u5fae\u8c03\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5f00\u6e90\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u7ea7\u522b\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6a21\u578b\u672c\u8eab\u5c31\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u5f88\u597d\u5730\u5b8c\u6210\u5206\u914d\u7684\u5b50\u4efb\u52a1\uff08\u901a\u8fc7\u5c11\u6837\u672c\u5b66\u4e60\u7b49\u673a\u5236\uff09[30, 57]\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8981\u5728 ICL \u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d\u590d\u5236\u8fd9\u79cd\u8303\u5f0f\u7684\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u5c31\u5fc5\u987b\u5408\u7406\u5730\u4e3a\u5f00\u6e90\u6a21\u578b\u5206\u914d\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u5b50\u4efb\u52a1\uff08\u5982\u751f\u6210\u5916\u90e8\u77e5\u8bc6\u3001\u6a21\u5f0f\u94fe\u63a5\u548c\u63d0\u70bc\u6a21\u5f0f\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u9488\u5bf9\u7279\u5b9a\u5b50\u4efb\u52a1\u8fdb\u884c\u5fae\u8c03\uff0c\u5e76\u6784\u5efa\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u6570\u636e\u7528\u4e8e\u5fae\u8c03\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u534f\u52a9\u6700\u7ec8 SQL \u7684\u751f\u6210\u3002<\/p>\n<p>DTS-SQL [71] \u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e24\u9636\u6bb5\u5206\u89e3\u7684\u6587\u672c\u5230 SQL \u5fae\u8c03\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u6700\u7ec8 SQL \u751f\u6210\u4e4b\u524d\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6a21\u5f0f\u94fe\u63a5 12 \u9884\u751f\u6210\u4efb\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><strong>\u671f\u671b<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6587\u672c\u5230 SQL \u7814\u7a76\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u91cd\u5927\u8fdb\u5c55\uff0c\u4f46\u4ecd\u7136\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u9700\u8981\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u6311\u6218\u3002\u5728\u672c\u8282\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c06\u8ba8\u8bba\u671f\u671b\u5728\u672a\u6765\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\u514b\u670d\u7684\u5269\u4f59\u6311\u6218\u3002<\/p>\n<h4><strong>A.\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\u7684\u7a33\u5065\u6027<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u7531 LLMs \u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u6587\u672c\u5230 SQL\uff0c\u6709\u671b\u5728\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u590d\u6742\u5e94\u7528\u573a\u666f\u4e2d\u5b9e\u73b0\u901a\u7528\u6027\u548c\u9c81\u68d2\u6027\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6700\u8fd1\u5728\u9c81\u68d2\u6027\u7279\u5b9a\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u65b9\u9762\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u5b9e\u8d28\u6027\u8fdb\u5c55[ 37 , 41]\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u6027\u80fd\u4ecd\u7136\u65e0\u6cd5\u6ee1\u8db3\u5b9e\u9645\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u9700\u8981[ 33]\u3002\u5728\u672a\u6765\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ecd\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u6311\u6218\u9700\u8981\u514b\u670d\u3002\u4ece\u7528\u6237\u65b9\u9762\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u5b58\u5728\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u79cd\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u5373\u7528\u6237\u5e76\u4e0d\u603b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u660e\u786e\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u63d0\u51fa\u8005\uff0c\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\u7528\u6237\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u5177\u6709\u51c6\u786e\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u503c\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0e\u6807\u51c6\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u540c\u4e49\u8bcd\u3001\u9519\u522b\u5b57\u548c\u6a21\u7cca\u8868\u8fbe\u90fd\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u5305\u542b\u5728\u5185[40]\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u5fae\u8c03\u8303\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6a21\u578b\u662f\u5728\u5177\u6709\u5177\u4f53\u8868\u8fbe\u7684\u660e\u786e\u6307\u793a\u6027\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u8fdb\u884c\u8bad\u7ec3\u7684\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u6a21\u578b\u6ca1\u6709\u5b66\u4e60\u73b0\u5b9e\u95ee\u9898\u4e0e\u76f8\u5e94\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u6620\u5c04\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u771f\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u573a\u666f\u65f6\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u77e5\u8bc6\u7f3a\u53e3[33]\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u5bf9\u5e26\u6709\u540c\u4e49\u8bcd\u548c\u4e0d\u5b8c\u6574\u6307\u4ee4\u7684\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u76f8\u5e94\u8bc4\u4f30\u6240\u62a5\u544a\u7684\u90a3\u6837[7 , 51]\uff0c\u7531 ChatGPT \u751f\u6210\u7684 SQL \u67e5\u8be2\u5305\u542b\u7ea6 40% \u7684\u9519\u8bef\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u6bd4\u539f\u59cb\u8bc4\u4f30\u4f4e 10%[51]\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u672c\u5730\u6587\u672c\u5230 SQL \u6570\u636e\u96c6\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u5fae\u8c03\u53ef\u80fd\u5305\u542b\u975e\u6807\u51c6\u5316\u7684\u6837\u672c\u548c\u6807\u7b7e\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8868\u6216\u5217\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u5e76\u4e0d\u603b\u662f\u5176\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u51c6\u786e\u8868\u8ff0\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u8bad\u7ec3\u6570\u636e\u6784\u9020\u4e2d\u7684\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<h4><strong>B.\u8ba1\u7b97\u6548\u7387<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u8ba1\u7b97\u6548\u7387\u7531\u63a8\u7406\u901f\u5ea6\u548c\u8ba1\u7b97\u8d44\u6e90\u6210\u672c\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u8fd9\u5728\u5e94\u7528\u548c\u7814\u7a76\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\u90fd\u503c\u5f97\u8003\u8651[49, 69]\u3002\u968f\u7740\u6700\u65b0\u7684\u6587\u672c\u5230 SQL \u57fa\u51c6\u6d4b\u8bd5\u4e2d\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6027\u4e0d\u65ad\u589e\u52a0 [15, 33]\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5c06\u627f\u8f7d\u66f4\u591a\u4fe1\u606f\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u8868\u548c\u5217\uff09\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u5e93schema\u7684token\u957f\u5ea6\u4e5f\u4f1a\u76f8\u5e94\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u5e26\u6765\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u6311\u6218\u3002\u5728\u5904\u7406\u8d85\u590d\u6742\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u65f6\uff0c\u5c06\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8f93\u5165\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u9047\u5230\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u6311\u6218\uff0c\u5373\u8c03\u7528\u4e13\u6709 LLM \u7684\u6210\u672c\u5c06\u663e\u8457\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u8d85\u8fc7\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u6700\u5927\u6807\u8bb0\u957f\u5ea6\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u957f\u5ea6\u8f83\u77ed\u7684\u5f00\u6e90\u6a21\u578b\u65f6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u660e\u663e\u7684\u6311\u6218\u662f\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u7814\u7a76\u90fd\u4f7f\u7528\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6a21\u578b\u8f93\u5165\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u5197\u4f59[57]\u3002\u76f4\u63a5\u4ece\u7528\u6237\u7aef\u4e3a LLM \u63d0\u4f9b\u4e0e\u95ee\u9898\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u7cbe\u786e\u8fc7\u6ee4\u6a21\u5f0f\u4ee5\u964d\u4f4e\u6210\u672c\u548c\u5197\u4f59\u662f\u63d0\u9ad8\u8ba1\u7b97\u6548\u7387\u7684\u6f5c\u5728\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848[30]\u3002\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e00\u79cd\u7cbe\u786e\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u8fc7\u6ee4\u65b9\u6cd5\u4ecd\u662f\u672a\u6765\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u65b9\u5411\u3002\u867d\u7136\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u5b66\u4e60\u8303\u5f0f\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u53ef\u559c\u7684\u51c6\u786e\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u4ece\u8ba1\u7b97\u6548\u7387\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u826f\u597d\u7684\u591a\u9636\u6bb5\u6846\u67b6\u6216\u6269\u5c55\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u65b9\u6cd5\u589e\u52a0\u4e86 API \u8c03\u7528\u7684\u6570\u91cf\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u6027\u80fd\uff0c\u4f46\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u6210\u672c\u7684\u5927\u5e45\u4e0a\u5347[8]\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u76f8\u5173\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e2d[49]\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u4ed4\u7ec6\u8003\u8651\u6027\u80fd\u548c\u8ba1\u7b97\u6548\u7387\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6743\u8861\uff0c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e00\u79cd\u5177\u6709\u8f83\u4f4e\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u63a5\u53e3\u6210\u672c\u7684\u53ef\u6bd4\uff08\u751a\u81f3\u66f4\u597d\uff09\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u5b66\u4e60\u65b9\u6cd5\u5c06\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u4ecd\u5728\u63a2\u7d22\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002\u4e0e\u57fa\u4e8e PLM \u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e LLM \u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u63a8\u7406\u901f\u5ea6\u660e\u663e\u8f83\u6162 [ 21, 28]\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u7f29\u77ed\u8f93\u5165\u957f\u5ea6\u548c\u51cf\u5c11\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u9636\u6bb5\u6570\u6765\u52a0\u5feb\u63a8\u7406\u901f\u5ea6\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u5b66\u4e60\u8303\u5f0f\u6765\u8bf4\u662f\u5f88\u76f4\u89c2\u7684\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5c40\u90e8 LLM\uff0c\u4ece\u8d77\u70b9\u51fa\u53d1[69]\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7814\u7a76\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u52a0\u901f\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u5728\u672a\u6765\u7684\u63a2\u7d22\u4e2d\u589e\u5f3a\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u67b6\u6784\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u5e94\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e00\u6311\u6218\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u610f\u56fe\u504f\u5dee\u8c03\u6574 LLM\uff0c\u5e76\u9488\u5bf9\u566a\u58f0\u573a\u666f\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8bad\u7ec3\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u5c06\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u6700\u8fd1\u53d6\u5f97\u7684\u8fdb\u5c55\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u73b0\u5b9e\u5e94\u7528\u4e2d\u7684\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u76f8\u5bf9\u5c0f\u4e8e\u7814\u7a76\u578b\u57fa\u51c6\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u901a\u8fc7\u4eba\u5de5\u6807\u6ce8\u6765\u6269\u5c55\u5927\u91cf\u6570\u636e\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u9ad8\u6602\u7684\u4eba\u529b\u6210\u672c\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6570\u636e\u6269\u5145\u65b9\u6cd5\u4ee5\u83b7\u5f97\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u95ee\u9898-SQL \u5bf9\u5c06\u4f1a\u5728\u6570\u636e\u7a00\u7f3a\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u4e3a LLM \u63d0\u4f9b\u652f\u6301\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5fae\u8c03\u5f00\u6e90 LLM \u5bf9\u672c\u5730\u5c0f\u89c4\u6a21\u6570\u636e\u96c6\u7684\u9002\u5e94\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u4e5f\u6709\u6f5c\u5728\u76ca\u5904\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5728\u672a\u6765\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u8fd8\u5e94\u5168\u9762\u7814\u7a76\u591a\u8bed\u8a00[ 42 , 124 ]\u548c\u591a\u6a21\u5f0f\u573a\u666f[ 125 ]\u7684\u6269\u5c55\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c06\u4f7f\u66f4\u591a\u8bed\u8a00\u7fa4\u4f53\u53d7\u76ca\uff0c\u5e76\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u6784\u5efa\u66f4\u901a\u7528\u7684\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u63a5\u53e3\u3002<\/p>\n<h4><strong>C.\u6570\u636e\u9690\u79c1\u548c\u53ef\u89e3\u91ca\u6027<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u4f5c\u4e3a LLM \u7814\u7a76\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e LLM \u7684\u6587\u672c\u5230 SQL \u8fd8\u9762\u4e34\u7740 LLM \u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u666e\u904d\u6311\u6218 [4 , 126 , 127 ]\u3002\u4ece\u6587\u672c\u5230 SQL \u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6311\u6218\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5e26\u6765\u6f5c\u5728\u7684\u6539\u8fdb\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5bf9 LLM \u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5927\u6709\u88e8\u76ca\u3002\u5982\u524d\u6587\u7b2c IV-A \u7ae0\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u5728\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u5b66\u4e60\u8303\u4f8b\u5728\u6570\u91cf\u548c\u6027\u80fd\u4e0a\u90fd\u5360\u4e3b\u5bfc\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5de5\u4f5c\u90fd\u4f7f\u7528\u4e13\u6709\u6a21\u578b\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0[8, 9]\u3002\u5728\u6570\u636e\u9690\u79c1\u65b9\u9762\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u6311\u6218\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8c03\u7528\u4e13\u6709\u5e94\u7528\u7a0b\u5e8f\u63a5\u53e3\u6765\u5904\u7406\u672c\u5730\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u4fdd\u5bc6\u6027\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5e26\u6765\u6570\u636e\u6cc4\u9732\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u5c40\u90e8\u5fae\u8c03\u8303\u5f0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u90e8\u5206\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e00\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u76ee\u524d vanilla \u5fae\u8c03\u7684\u6027\u80fd\u5e76\u4e0d\u7406\u60f3[9]\uff0c\u9ad8\u7ea7\u5fae\u8c03\u6846\u67b6\u53ef\u80fd\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u4e13\u6709\u7684 LLM 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